Μυστηριακό θέατρο

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Ο Κύκλος του Τσέστερ αποτελεί συλλογή 25 δραμάτων-μυστηρίων με θρησκευτική υπόθεση,που είχαν παρουσιαστεί σ'αυτήν την πόλη τον 14ο αιώνα.
The most well-known of the Chester plays relates the story of Noah and the Great Flood, traditionally acted by the Drawers of Dee (watercarriers). In it, Noah and his sons load up the provisions and the animals while his wife gossips with the neighbours. Noah urges her to hurry aboard, "The flood comes in fleeting fast; On every side it speadeth full fare; For fear of drowning I am agast; Good gossip, let us draw near". But Noah's wife keeps on drinking and gossipping until, eventually, the sons carry her onto the ark by force. At the end of the play, God provides a rainbow as a token that mankind has had enough punishment for its sinful deeds.
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Πρόκειται για τον πρώτο σωζόμενο κύκλο μυστηρίων της αγγλικής παράδοσης.
Οι άλλοι κύκλοι είναι :
του Γιόρκ (48 έργα): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_Mystery_Plays
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του Γουέικφιλντ (32 έργα): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakefield_Cycle
The cycle is the work of undoubtedly multiple authors over the course of approximately two centuries. In fact, some plays are shared with nearby York Cycle. However, the most notable plays (including) "The Second Shepherd's Play" were written by an anonymous author dubbed the Wakefield Master, who also wrote "Noah," "The First Shepherds' Play," "Herod the Great," and "The Buffeting," and may have revised "The Killing of Abel."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_Shepherds%27_Play
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/19481
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και ο κύκλος Ludus Conventual ή κύκλος του Χέγκε (42 έργα),
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Town_Plays
The plays of the N-Town cycle vary from simple, almost liturgical, recitations of Biblical texts (as in the Moses play of the Ten Commandments, the Jesse play with its kings and prophets, and the Penetecost play) to highly complex and fast moving short dramas on Biblical themes that have a naturalism and liveliness (as in the Death of Herod and the Woman Taken in Adultery) almost unique in early drama. These plays can all be played from a wagon or a single booth stage. On the other hand, the two Mary Plays and the Passion Play were written for what is often called "place and scaffold" production in the round using "scaffolds" or raised stages and also the "platea" or the "place" between the stages.
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Το έμμετρο κείμενο,αποτελούμενο από περισσότερους από 11.000 στίχους διατηρείται σε 5 χειρόγραφα στη Βιβλιοθήκη Μποντλέιαν της Οξφόρδης,στη Βιβλιοθήκη Χάντινγκτον της Καλιφόρνιας και στο Βρετανικό Μουσείο στο Λονδίνο.
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Πηγή : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_Mystery_Plays :
The Chester Mystery Plays is a cycle of mystery plays dating back to at least the early part of the 15th century.
A record of 1422 shows that the plays took place at the feast of Corpus Christi and this appears to have continued until 1521. Plays on Corpus Christi Day in 1475 included 'The trial and flagellation of Christ' and 'The Crucifixion'. The plays were then expanded into a three day cycle on Whit Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. In the years between the plays there was the Chester Midsummer Watch Parade instead.
The plays are based on biblical texts, from creation to the Last Judgement. They were enacted by common guildsmen and craftsmen on mounted stages that were moved around the city streets, with each company or guild performing one play.
Prior to the event the Crier read out these banns: "The Aldermen and stewards of evrie societie and Companie draw youselves to your said severall companies according to Ancient Customme and soe to appear with your said severall Companies everie man as you are Called upon paine that shall fall thereon". Such early banns exhorted each company to perform well.
Under Queen Elizabeth I the plays were seen as 'Popery' and banned by the English Church. Despite this a play cycle was performed in 1568 and the cathedral paid for the stage and beer as in 1562. They were performed again, over four days, in 1575. This resulted in the mayor, when he retired from his office, being taken to the Star Chamber in London to answer allegations against him, but with the support of the council (or assembly) he was freed.
The plays have been revived in modern times, and are presented in the city of Chester, England, every five years. The 2008 run of plays officially began on 28 June, and runs nightly until 19 July.
The most well-known of the Chester plays relates the story of Noah and the Great Flood, traditionally acted by the Drawers of Dee (watercarriers). In it, Noah and his sons load up the provisions and the animals while his wife gossips with the neighbours. Noah urges her to hurry aboard, "The flood comes in fleeting fast; On every side it speadeth full fare; For fear of drowning I am agast; Good gossip, let us draw near". But Noah's wife keeps on drinking and gossipping until, eventually, the sons carry her onto the ark by force. At the end of the play, God provides a rainbow as a token that mankind has had enough punishment for its sinful deeds.
In the 20th century, the Noah's Flood play was set operatically by both Benjamin Britten (Noye's Fludde) and Igor Stravinsky (The Flood).
The Mysteries is an adaption by the poet Tony Harrison, principally based upon the Wakefield Cycle, but incorporating scenes from the York, Chester and N-Town canons, first performed in 1977 at the National Theatre, and again revived in 2000 as a celebration of the millennium.
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See also
Medieval theatre
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External links
The Official Chester Mystery Plays Website - the website of the Chester Mystery Cycle with news the performance in June 2008.
Chester Mystery Plays in London - information about how to book tickets for the 2008 November performance of scenes from the Chester Mystery Plays performed by the Players of St Peter in London
Chester Mystery Plays 2003 performance - free downloadable media clips from the Chester Mystery Cycle performance of 2003, featuring full mp3 audio track 'Christ Theme' and video excerpt from the performance.
The original text
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Further reading
Gordon Emery - Curious Chester (2005)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_Christi_(feast)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Medieval_drama
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