NOTES TO CHAPTER 1
1. The following biographical details are drawn from William L. Pierce, “George
Lincoln Rockwell: A National Socialist life,” National Socialist World, No. 5 (Winter
1967), 13–36, and his own autobiography, This Time the World (Arlington, Va.: American Nazi Party, 1962). Two recent studies of Rockwell and the American Nazi Party offer
extensive background: Frederick J. Simonelli,American Fuehrer: George Lincoln Rockwell
and the American Nazi Party (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1999),
pp. 5–12; William H. Schmaltz, Hate: George Lincoln Rockwell and the American Nazi
Party (Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1999), pp. 5–11.
2. Simonelli,American Fuehrer, pp. 16–17; Schmaltz,Hate, pp. 12–14.
3. Simonelli,American Fuehrer, pp. 18–19; Schmaltz,Hate, p. 15.
4. Simonelli,American Fuehrer, pp. 19–21; Schmaltz,Hate, pp. 15–18.
5. George Lincoln Rockwell,White Power, 2d ed. (Reedy, W.Va.: Liberty Bell Publications, 1977), pp. 130–33; Schmaltz,Hate, p. 19–21.
6. Rockwell,This Time the World, pp. 154–55.
7. Quoted in George P. Thayer,The Further Shores of Politics: The American Political Fringe Today, 2d ed. (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1968), p. 27.
8. Rockwell, This Time the World, p. 173; Simonelli,American Fuehrer, pp. 23–24;
Schmaltz,Hate, pp. 23–24.
9. Simonelli,American Fuehrer, pp. 24–26; Schmaltz,Hate, pp. 25–29.
10. Simonelli,American Fuehrer, pp. 27–28; Schmaltz,Hate, pp. 29–34.
11. Rockwell,This Time the World, pp. 296–302. Rockwell’s communications with
the Atlanta suspects are discussed in Melissa Fay Greene,The Temple Bombing (London:
Jonathan Cape, 1996), pp. 219–23.
12. Rockwell, This Time the World, pp. 309–10; Simonelli, American Fuehrer, pp.
30–31; Schmaltz,Hate, p. 41.
13. Simonelli,American Fuehrer, pp. 36–37.
14. Simonelli,American Fuehrer, pp. 44–47; Schmaltz,Hate, pp. 71–78.
15. Simonelli,American Fuehrer, pp. 72–75; Schmaltz,Hate, pp. 133–35.
16. Rockwell,White Power, pp. 259–69.
17. Extensive details from the life of Rockwell and the numerous incidents involving the American Nazi Party are also recorded in Mark Sherwin, The Extremists
(New York, 1963), pp. 139–55; Thayer, The Further Shores of Politics, pp. 13–33;
307Charles Higham, American Swastika (New York: Doubleday and Co., 1985), pp.
274–80.
18. Simonelli,American Fuehrer, p. 86; Schmaltz,Hate, pp. 146–50.
19. Schmaltz,Hate, pp. 232–33.
20. Simonelli,American Fuehrer, pp. 87–95.
21. Gottfried Feder, “The Twenty-Five Points,” National Socialist World, No. 3
(Spring 1967), 13–24; Matt Koehl, “Adolf Hitler: German Nationalist or Aryan Racist?”
National Socialist World, No. 4 (Summer 1967), 13–22; Robert F. Williams, “The Black
Plague: Race War in America,”National Socialist World, No. 5 (Winter 1967), 67–84.
22. “Editorial,”National Socialist World, No. 4 (Summer 1967), 8–11.
23. Schmaltz,Hate, pp. 304–5, 319.
24. Simonelli,American Fuehrer, pp. 131–37.
25. Biographical details of Matt Koehl are in Simonelli, American Fuehrer, pp.
77–79. In May 1958 Matt Koehl established an NSRP Atlanta group, some of whose
members were arraigned for the attack on the synagogue in October. Greene,The Temple Bombing, pp. 209–10.
26. Koehl, “Adolf Hitler,” pp. 15, 17.
27. Matt Koehl, “Some Guidelines for the Development of the National Socialist
Movement,”National Socialist World, No. 6 (Winter 1968), pp. 8–17 (pp. 12, 14f).
28. Matt Koehl, “Resurrection,” New Order brochure, reprint of an editorial in NS
Bulletin, April 1987.
29. Matt Koehl, “Hitler: Man and Symbol,” New Order brochure giving abridged
transcript of speech held on 14 August 1991.
30. Matt Koehl, Faith of the Future, 2d ed. (Milwaukee, Wis.: New Order, 1995), p.
31. The ﬁrst edition was originally published as “Hitlerism: Faith of the Future,”The National Socialist, Spring 1982.
31. “We fought on the wrong side,” New Order brochure, reprint of editorial in NS
Bulletin, Second Quarter, 1995.
32. Original NSLF propaganda and ﬂyers are reprinted in Siege: The Collected Writings of James Mason, edited and introduced by Michael M. Jenkins [i.e. Moynihan] (Denver: Storm Books, 1992), pp. xix, 7, 19, 24.
33. Siege, pp. xi–xxvii.
34. Siege, pp. 281–322.
35. Elizabeth Wheaton, Codename GREENKIL: The 1979 Greensboro Killings
(Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1979).
36. Frank P. Mintz,The Liberty Lobby and the American Right: Race, Conspiracy and
Culture(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985), pp. 129–31. Robert S. Grifﬁn, The
Fame of a Dead Man’s Deeds: An Up-Close Portrait of White Nationalist William Pierce
(New York: Barnes and Noble e-book, 2000), offers a comprehensive account of Pierce’s
ideology and career.
37. Action: Internal Bulletin of the National Alliance, No. 49 (March 1976), pp. 2–3.
The Savitri Devi quotation is from “The Lightning and the Sun,” National Socialist
World, No. 1 (Spring 1966), pp. 13–90 (p. 61).
308 NOTES TO CHAPTER 138. The standard account of this racist sectarian movement is Michael Barkun,
Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement, rev. ed.
(Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1997).
39. Andrew Macdonald (i.e., William L. Pierce), The Turner Diaries, 2d ed. (Arlington, Va.: National Vanguard Books, 1980), pp. 152, 160–67, 195, 112, 196, 210.
40. Macdonald,The Turner Diaries, p. 209.
41. Macdonald,The Turner Diaries, p. iii.
42. Macdonald,The Turner Diaries, p. 111.
43. Kevin Flynn and Gary Gerhardt,The Silent Brotherhood: Inside America’s Racist
Underground (New York: Free Press, 1989), offers an extensive narrative account of The
Order, its members and operations.
44. Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 228–33.
45. Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 233–39.
46. Richard Abanes, American Militias: Rebellion, Racism & Religion (Downers
Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1996), pp. 147–53. Cf. the FBI ofﬁce bombing in Macdonald,The Turner Diaries, pp. 38–41.
47. “Lone Wolves and Live Wires,” in Siege, 189–225.
48. Macdonald (i.e., William L. Pierce), Hunter (Hillsboro, W.Va.: National Vanguard Books, 1989).
49. Richard Kelly Hoskins, Vigilantes of Christendom: The Story of the Phineas
Priesthood (Lynchburg, Va.: Virginia Publishing, 1990), p. 32.
50. Louis Beam, “Leaderless Resistance,” in “Special Report on the Meeting of
Christian Men Held in Estes Park, Colorado, October 23, 24, 25, 1992, Concerning the
Killing of Vickie and Samuel Weaver by the United States Government,” pp. 20–23.
51. Details of the formation and development of Combat 18 are in Gerry Gable,
“Britain’s Nazi underground,” in The Far Right in Western and Eastern Europe, edited by
Luciano Cheles, Ronnie Ferguson and Michalina Vaughan, 2d ed. (London and New
York: Longman, 1995), pp. 258–71.
52. Winston Smith, “Should We Hold Our Noses and Vote for Bill Clinton?”Resistance, No. 90 (30 September 1996), p. 1; Winston Smith, “The Coming of the American
Liberal Dictatorship,”Resistance, No. 92 (14 October 1996), p. 1.
53. Winston Smith, “The Struggle That Dare Not Speak Its Name,” NSWPP
leaﬂet [n.d.].
54. Michael Cox, “Beyond the Fringe: The Extreme Right in the United States of
America,” in The Extreme Right in Europe and the USA, edited by Paul Hainsworth (London: Pinter, 1992), pp. 286–309 (pp. 300–302).
55. Jim Saleam, “American Nazism in the Context of the American Extreme Right,
1960–1978” (unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Sydney, 1985), pp. 115–16.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 2
1. Angelo del Boca and Mario Giovana, Fascism Today: A World Survey (London:
Heinemann, 1970), pp. 89–90.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 2 3092. Jordan’s early biographical data are taken from Colin Jordan,Merrie England—
2,000 (Harrogate, U.K.: Gothic Ripples, 1993), back cover.
3. Colin Jordan, Fraudulent Conversion: The Myth of Moscow’s Change (London:
Britons Publishing Society, 1955). It is most likely that Jordan wrote the book to refute
Francis Parker Yockey’s claims that the Soviet Union was not under Jewish control. Kevin
Coogan, Dreamer of the Day: Francis Parker Yockey and the Postwar Nazi International
(New York: Autonomedia, 1999), pp. 510–11.
4. Arnold Leese,Out of Step: Events in the Two Lives of an Anti-Jewish Camel Doctor (Guildford, U.K.: Author, [1951]), p. 52. Leese was a veterinary surgeon by profession. While working in the colonies, he had specialized in the treatment of camels. The
autobiography describes his earlier membership in the British Union of Fascists, his
election to the council in Stamford as a fascist and his foundation of the Imperial Fascist League.
5. David Baker, Ideology of Obsession: A. K. Chesterton and British Fascism (London: I. B. Tauris, 1996), p. 197.
6. The ensuing account of far-right political groups associated with Colin Jordan
in the period 1958–62 is based on Martin Walker,The National Front(London: Fontana,
1977), pp. 25–50. An insider’s view of the League of Empire Loyalists, National Labour
Party, the White Defence League, and (ﬁrst) British National Party is offered by John
Bean,Many Shades of Black (London: New Millennium, 1999), pp. 119f, 126–30, 139–53
and passim.
7. For John Bean’s account of the split, see Bean,Many Shades of Black, pp. 147–56.
8. John Tyndall,The Eleventh Hour: A Call for British Rebirth, 2d ed. (London: Albion Press, 1988), pp. 7–8, 26–40, 49–56.
9. Colin Jordan, Britain Reborn: The Policy of the National Socialist Movement
(London: National Socialist Movement, [1962]).
10. Details of how Tyndall and Jordan smuggled Rockwell into Britain via Ireland
are given in William H. Schmaltz,Hate: George Lincoln Rockwell and the American Nazi
Party (Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1999), pp. 146–48.
11. Newspaper coverage of the camp included “Home Ofﬁce Ban Entry of Nazi
Delegates,” The Times, 2 August 1962, p. 10; “Foreign Nazis Banned,” The Daily Telegraph, 2 August 1962, p. 1; “Secret ‘Nazi’ Camp,”The Daily Telegraph, 6 August 1962, p.
9; “Inquiry on Visit by U.S. Nazi,”The Times, 7 August 1962, p. 8; “Yard Search for U.S.
Nazi Leader,”The Daily Telegraph, 7 August 1962, p. 1; “Jackboots in an English Glade,”
The Daily Telegraph, 7 August 1962, pp. 1, 16.
12. “U.S. Nazi Caught in London,”The Daily Telegraph, 9 August 1962, p. 1;“American Nazi Detained in London,”The Times, 9 August 1962, p. 8.
13. “2-hour Yard Raid on Nazi HQ,”The Daily Telegraph, 11 August 1962, p. 1.
14. Richard C. Thurlow, Fascism in Britain: A History, 1918–1985 (Oxford: Basil
Blackwell, 1987), pp. 268–69.
15. Colin Jordan,“National Socialism: A Philosophical Appraisal,”National Socialist World, No. 1 (Spring 1966), 5–7.
16. Richard Thurlow,Fascism in Britain, pp. 269f; Gerry Gable,“Britain’s Nazi Un-
310 NOTES TO CHAPTER 2derground,” in The Far Right in Western and Eastern Europe, edited by Luciano Cheles,
Ronnie Ferguson and Michalina Vaughan, 2d ed. (London and New York: Longman,
1995), pp. 258–71 (p. 259).
17. Stan Taylor,The National Front in English Politics(London: Macmillan, 1982),
pp. 18–49.
18. Thurlow, Fascism in Britain, p. 270.
19. Colin Jordan, “Party Time Has Ended,” National Review, No. 45 (June 1986).
For commentary, see “Nazi Blueprint for ‘Total War,’” Searchlight, No. 133 (July 1986),
pp. 8–10.
20. “British Movement Reborn—Armed and Dangerous,” Searchlight, No. 173
(November 1989), pp. 10–11; No. 174 (December 1989), pp. 10–11.
21. “Front’s ‘Fixer’ with Paramilitaries Moves Full Time to Northern Ireland,”
Searchlight, No. 137 (November 1986), pp. 3–4; “1986—the Final Tie-up with Loyalist
Terror,”Searchlight, No. 139 (January 1987), pp. 11–12.
22. “SS Man Is BM’s Top Dog,”Searchlight, No. 177 (March 1990), p. 11.
23. Colin Jordan, National Socialism: World Creed for the 1980s(Harrogate, U.K.:
Gothic Ripples, 1981), pp. 6–8, 9f, 14. (First published in The National Socialist, No. 3
[Winter 1981].)
24. “1986—The Year of the Political Soldier,” Searchlight, No. 139 (January 1987),
pp. 9–10; “The New Axis,”Searchlight, No. 147 (September 1987), pp. 3–4; “The Political
Soldiers,”Searchlight, No. 151 (January 1988), p. 10; “1988—The Year of the Mad Dogs,”
Searchlight, No. 163 (January 1989), pp. 9–11; “Wales and Northern Ireland: NF Heads
‘Where the Terror Is,’”Searchlight, No. 166 (April 1989), p. 9; “Smash the Cities” sticker,
Searchlight, No. 215 (May 1993), p. 8.
25. Colin Jordan, “Hitler was Right!”Gothic Ripples, No. 20 (1989), reprinted in
Colin Jordan,National Socialism: Vanguard of the Future(Aalborg, Denmark: Nordland
Forlag, 1993), pp. 13–23.
26. Colin Jordan, “Adolf Hitler: The Man against Time,” NS Bulletin (1989), and
“Adolf Hitler: Man of the Century,”League Sentinel, No. 3 (1989), both reprinted in Jordan,National Socialism, pp. 25–29, 31–34.
27. “Top Nazi Poses an Early Problem for New M15 Boss,” Searchlight, No. 204
(June 1992), pp. 3–5; “Covington: Mastermind of Terror,” Searchlight, No. 214 (April
1993), pp. 12–13.
28. Gerry Gable, “Britain’s Nazi Underground,” in The Far Right in Western and
Eastern Europe, pp. 258–71 (p. 262).
29. Charlie Sargent interview with the French Nazi magazine Terreur d’Elite, No. 4
(Winter 105 [1994]), quoted in Searchlight, No. 235 (January 1995), p. 4.
30. “Nazi Terror Comes to Britain: The Inside Story of Combat 18,” Searchlight,
No. 214 (April 1993), pp. 3–11.
31. Redwatch, No. 1 (March 1992), excerpts in Searchlight, No. 215 (May
1993), p. 4.
32. Redwatch, No. 2 (May 1992), reproduced in Searchlight, No. 214 (April 1993),
pp. 3–4.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 2 31133. Redwatch, Nos. 3–6 (1992–93), excerpts in Searchlight, No. 213 (April 1993),
pp. 4–7, 14.Combat 18, No. 3 (late 1994), excerpts and commentary in Searchlight, No.
236 (February 1995), p. 3.
34. “Invitation to Kill: C18 Urges Its Followers to Murder,” Searchlight, No. 235
(January 1995), pp. 6–7.
35. Putsch, No. 11 (April 1994), pp. 12–13; No. 12 (May 1994), p. 16; No. 13 (June
1994), p. 22; No. 14 (July 1994), p. 27; No. 15 (August 1994), p. 33.
36. Putsch, No. 10 (March 1994), pp. 6–7; No. 11 (April 1994), p. 11; No. 12 (May
1994), p. 16; No. 15 (August 1994), pp. 32, 34, 38–39; No. 16 (September 1994), p. 41.
37. The Order, No. 4, excerpts and commentary in Searchlight, No. 223 (January
1994), pp. 3–5.
38. Searchlight, No. 226 (April 1994), p. 5; “C18’s Violence in Theory and Practice,”
Searchlight, No. 231 (September 1994), pp. 3–4; Searchlight, No. 232 (October 1994), p.
5; Putsch, No. 18 (November 1994), pp. 55f; Searchlight, No. 234 (December 1994), p. 3;
“Britain in 1995: Watershed on the Far Right,”Searchlight, No. 241 (July 1995), pp. 2–4.
39. The National-Socialist, special edition (April 106yf [i.e. 1995]), quoted in
Searchlight, No. 239 (May 1995), pp. 1–2.
40. “Britain in 1995,” pp. 2–4.
41. Searchlight, No. 214 (April 1993), pp. 16–17; Searchlight, No. 223 (January
1994), pp. 6–10. The Copenhagen summit was reported in The Order, No. 11, p. 8, reproduced in Searchlight, No. 240 (June 1995), p. 10.
42. The Times, 20 January 1997, p. 4.
43. “The Shape of Things to Come: An Interview with Troy Southgate,”The English Alternative, No. 10 (1999), pp. 4–8.
44. The National-Socialist, No. 17 (9 November 1996), p. 2.
45. “The Secret of Greatness: Part 2 of Extracts from Savitri Devi’s Gold in the Furnace,”Column 88, No. 3 (May 1998), pp. 17–18; “The Irish-American They Hanged for
Being British,”Column 88, No. 3 (May 1998), pp. 23–26; “A Tiger Never Tamed: Michael
Wittmann—Claws of Steel,”Column 88, No. 4 (August 1998), pp. 12–16; “Tony Williams
Interviews Colin Jordan,”Column 88, No. 4 (August 1998), pp. 23–26.
46. Graeme McLagan and Nick Lowles, Mr Evil: The Secret Life of Racist Bomber
and Killer David Copeland (London: John Blake, 2000), pp. 20–38, 51–56, 66f, 78–87.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 3
1. Further detailed information in English about Julius Evola’s life, thought and in-
ﬂuence may be found in Richard Drake, “Julius Evola and the Ideological Origins of the
Radical Right in Contemporary Italy,” in Political Violence and Terror: Motifs and Motivations, edited by Peter Merkl (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986), pp. 61–89;
Richard Drake, in “The Children of the Sun,”The Revolutionary Mystique and Terrorism
in Contemporary Italy (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989), pp. 114–34. An
analysis of his philosophy and its reception by the Italian far right is also offered by Roger
Grifﬁn, “Revolts against the Modern World: The Blend of Literary and Historical Fan-
312 NOTES TO CHAPTER 2tasy in the Italian New Right,” Literature and History 11 (Spring 1985), 101–23, and
Franco Ferraresi, “Julius Evola: Tradition, Reaction, and the Radical Right,” European
Journal of Sociology 28 (1987), 107–51.
2. Raimund Meyer, Judith Hossli, Guido Magnaguangno, Juri Steiner and Hans
Bolliger,Dada global(Zurich: Limmat Verlag, 1994), pp. 65–69.
3. These works are Saggi sull’idealismo magico (Rome: Atanòr, 1925); L’individuo e
il divenire del mondo (Rome: Libreria di Scienze e Lettere, 1926);Teoria dell’individuo assoluto (Turin: Bocca, 1927); and Fenomenologia dell’individuo assoluto (Turin: Bocca,
1930). Inﬂuences from Schopenhauer, Hegel and Nietzsche combined in his philosophical idealism to assert “the ability to be unconditionally whatever one wants” and “the
world is my representation.”
4. Julius Evola,The Yoga of Power: Tantra, Shakti and the Secret Way, translated by
Guido Stucco (Rochester, Vt.: Inner Traditions International, 1992), p. 16.
5. Evola,The Yoga of Power, pp. 186–88.
6. On the Group of UR, see the historical foreword by Renato del Ponte in Julius
Evola/Gruppe von UR,Magie als Wissenschaft vom Ich: Praktische Grundlegung der Initiation(Interlaken, Switz.: Ansata, 1985), pp. 10–22; H. T. Hansen,“Die ‘magische’ Gruppe
von UR in ihrem historischen und esoterischen Umfeld,” in Julius Evola/Gruppe von
UR, Schritte zur Initiation: Magie als Wissenschaft vom Ich, Band II: Theorie und Praxis
des höheren Bewußtseins (Interlaken, Switz.: Ansata, 1997), pp. 7–27, also contains extensive biographical details of Guiliano Kremmerz, Arturo Reghini and the members of
their groups.
7. Julius Evola, The Hermetic Tradition: Symbols and Teachings of the Royal Art,
translated by E. E. Rehmus (Rochester, Vt.: Inner Traditions, 1995), pp. 2–12.
8. The best introduction to Guénon and his thought in English is Robin Water-
ﬁeld, René Guénon and the Future of the West: The Life and Writings of a 20th-Century
Metaphysician (Wellingborough, U.K.: Aquarian Press, 1987).
9. René Guénon, The Crisis of the Modern World, trans. Marco Pallis and Richard
Nicholson, 2d ed. (London: Luzac, 1962), pp. 1–14.
10. For these references, see Julius Evola, Erhebung wider die moderne Welt
(Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1935), pp. 167–89, and notes, pp. 438–45.
11. Julius Evola, Revolt against the Modern World, translated by Guido Stucco
(Rochester, Vt.: Inner Traditions, 1995), p. 3.
12. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 89–90.
13. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 7f.
14. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 35–37.
15. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 177–83.
16. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 188–89, 195–210.
17. In his work, Das Mutterrecht [Matriarchy] (1861), Johann Jakob Bachofen
(1815–1887), a private scholar in Basle, postulated that the human race passed through
three stages. In the ﬁrst stage humans lived in primitive, nomadic groups with neither
agriculture, marriage nor social institutions. The second stage was known as matriarchy,
when agriculture developed and society was based on egalitarian values and a worship
NOTES TO CHAPTER 3 313of Mother Earth. Bachofen regarded the Greek goddess Demeter and the Eleusinian
mysteries as derivatives of this cultural era. The third and present stage of evolution was
patriarchy, in which the rule of law and the intellect prevail. The sun becomes the dominant symbol, represented by the Greek god Apollo. Bachofen’s ideas inﬂuenced Nietzsche, Freud and Jung, as well as the bohemian counterculture, which wanted to redeem
industrial society through a return to nature. Richard Noll, The Jung Cult: Origins of a
Charismatic Movement(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 160–69.
18. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 211–17.
19. A short biography of Otto Weininger by Dr. Moriz Rappaport appears in Otto
Weininger, Über die letzten Dinge, 6th ed. (Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1920), pp.
v–xxiv.
20. Otto Weininger, Geschlecht und Charakter, 19th ed. (Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1920), pp. 106–11, 185–88, 232, 372–75, 381.
21. Weininger,Geschlecht und Charakter, pp. 337–45, 378, 386, 391–93.
22. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 230f, 246–47.
23. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 249–52.
24. Richard Noll, The Aryan Christ: The Secret Life of Carl Gustav Jung (London:
Macmillan, 1997), pp. 134, 309.
25. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 263–75.
26. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, p. 275.
27. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, p. 286.
28. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 290–301. In 1937 Evola published
his full-length work on chivalry and the Grail as an initiatory, Hyperborean mystery. In
particular, he regarded the Grail as a symbol for the Ghibelline project of reorganizing
the West as an empire based on sacred regality. Julius Evola,The Mystery of the Grail: Initiation and Magic in the Quest for the Spirit, translated by Guido Stucco (Rochester, Vt.:
Inner Traditions, 1997). Evola’s admiration of the Hohenstauffen dynasty was strongly
inﬂuenced by Ernst Kantorowicz,Kaiser Friedrich der Zweite(Berlin: Bondi, 1927). As a
member of the poet Stefan George’s circle of spiritual elitists, Kantorowicz’s deﬁnitive
biography celebrated Frederick II as the hero of a “secret Germany.”
29. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 307–11.
30. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 312–20.
31. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 302–4.
32. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 306–9.
33. Evola,Revolt against the Modern World, pp. 327–44.
34. For a full discussion of Evola’s racial ideas, see H. T. Hansen,“Julius Evolas politisches Wirken,” in Julius Evola, Menschen inmitten von Ruinen (Tübingen: Hohenrain,
1991), pp. 7–131 (pp. 88–100).
35. Julius Evola,Heidnischer Imperialismus(Leipzig: Armanen-Verlag, 1933), p. 55;
Julius Evola,Grundriß der faschistischen Rassenlehre(Berlin: Runge, 1943), pp. 43–47.
36. Julius Evola,“Paradossi dei tempi: Paganesimo razzista =Illuminismo liberale,”
Lo Stato 6, No. 7 (July 1935), pp. 530–32, and “Osservazioni critiche sul ‘razzismo’
nazional-socialista,”Vita Italiana 21, No. 248 (1933), pp. 544–49, cited in H. T. Hansen,
314 NOTES TO CHAPTER 3“Julius Evolas politisches Wirken,” in Julius Evola, Menschen inmitten von Ruinen, pp.
7–131 (pp. 92–94).
37. Weininger,Geschlecht und Charakter, pp. 416–18.
38. Weininger,Geschlecht und Charakter, pp. 425–32.
39. Weininger,Geschlecht und Charakter, p. 441.
40. Evola,Erhebung wider die moderne Welt, pp. 323–24, 480, 482.
41. Julius Evola,Tre aspetti del problema ebraico (Padua: Edizioni di Ar, 1994), pp.
35–36 (ﬁrst edition published in 1936).
42. Julius Evola, “La tragedia della ‘Guardia di Ferro,’” in La vita italiana 309 (December 1938), quoted in Franco Ferraresi, “Julius Evola: Tradition, Reaction, and the
Radical Right,” in European Journal of Sociology 28 (1987), 107–51 (pp. 129–30).
43. Hans Thomas Hakl, “Julius Evola und die deutsche Konservative Revolution,”
Criticón, No. 158 (April–June 1998), pp. 16–32. A bibliography of Evola’s publications in
German has been compiled by Karlheinz Weißmann in Evola, Menschen inmitten von
Ruinen, pp. 403–6.
44. On Evola’s wartime career, see Richard Drake, in “The Children of the Sun,”
The Revolutionary Mystique and Terrorism in Contemporary Italy, pp. 119–20; T. H.
Hansen, “Julius Evolas politisches Wirken,” in Evola,Menschen inmitten von Ruinen, pp.
7–132 (pp. 61–65).
45. Drake, The Revolutionary Mystique and Terrorism in Contemporary Italy, p.
125.
46. Drake, “Julius Evola and the Ideological Origins of the Radical Right in Contemporary Italy,” pp. 77–78.
47. Franco Ferraresi,“Julius Evola: Tradition, Reaction, and the Radical Right,”European Journal of Sociology 28 (1987), 107–51 (p. 135).
48. Giorgio Galli, La Crisi italiana e la destra internazionale (Milan: Mondadori,
1974), p. 20.
49. Adriano Romauldi, Julius Evola: L’uomo e l’opera (Rome: Volpe, 1971), pp.
7, 92.
50. Ferraresi, “Julius Evola,” 138–40.
51. Roger Eatwell, “The Esoteric Ideology of the National Front in the 1980s,” in
The Failure of British Fascism: The Far Right and the Fight for Political Recognition, edited
by Mike Cronin (Basingstoke, U.K.: Macmillan, 1996), pp. 99–117.
52. “Evola: The Aryan Doctrine of Fight and Victory,” Rising, No. 3 (1983), p. 4;
“Freda: A Martyr for Our Cause,”Rising, No. 4 (1983), p. 3.
53. Derek Holland, The Political Soldier: A Statement, 2d ed. (London: International Third Position, 1994), pp. 10–11.
54. Searchlight, No. 163 (January 1989), p. 10; Searchlight, No. 168 (June 1989), p.
3; Searchlight, No. 247 (January 1996), pp. 11–14. See also From Ballots to Bombs: The Inside Story of the National Front’s Political Soldiers (London: Searchlight, [1989]), pp.
7–12.
55. Mario Aprile, “Julius Evola: An Introduction to His Life and Work,”The Scorpion, No. 6 (Winter/Spring 1984), pp. 20–21.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 3 31556. Julius Evola,“American ‘Civilization,’”The Scorpion, No. 7 (Summer 1984), pp.
17–19.
57. Julius Evola, “United Europe: The Spiritual Pre-Requisite,”The Scorpion, No. 9
(Spring 1986), pp. 18–20. Other articles on Evola included Luis Chester, “Riding the
Tiger,” The Scorpion, No. 8 (Spring 1985), pp. 30–32, and Marotta Salvatore, “Suum
Cuique: Evola’s Notion of the True State,”The Scorpion, No. 10 (Autumn 1986), p. 37.
58. Julius Evola,Taoism: The Magic, the Mysticism, translated by Guido Stucco (Edmonds, Wash.: Holmes, 1994); Julius Evola,Zen: The Religion of the Samurai(Edmonds,
Wash.: Holmes, 1994).
59. H. T. Hansen, “Nachlese zum Evola-Jahr,”Criticón, No. 161 (March 1999).
60. Guillermo Coletti, “Against the Modern World: An Introduction to the Work
of Julius Evola,”Ohm Clock, No. 4 (Spring 1996), pp. 29–31.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 4
1. “A salute to James Hartung Madole (Father of Post-war Occult-Fascism),”The
Nexus, No. 2 (November 1995), pp. 22–27.
2. Biographical details of James Madole and an overview of the National Renaissance Party are documented in William Goring, “The National Renaissance Party: History and Analysis of an American Neo-Nazi Political Party,”National Information Center Newsletter(December 1969–January 1970). This periodical was published at Spring-
ﬁeld, Massachusetts.
3. Goring, “The National Renaissance Party,” p. 5.
4. For Charles B. Hudson and his extensive contacts in the patriotic and pro-Nazi
groups of prewar America, see John Roy Carlson,Under Cover: My Four Years in the Nazi
Underworld of America (New York: Dutton, 1943), pp. 132–53 and passim.
5. Details of Kurt Mertig and his prewar political activities may be found in Carlson,Under Cover, pp. 43–44, 266–68, 270, 389, 502.
6. Goring, “The National Renaissance Party,” p. 6.
7. Kerry R. Bolton, Phoenix Rising: The Epic Saga of James H. Madole (Paraparaumu Beach, New Zealand: Renaissance Press, 1996), p. 2.
8. Ulick Varange (i.e., Francis Parker Yockey),Imperium: The Philosophy of History
and Politics, 3d ed. (Torrance, Calif.: Noontide Press, 1983), pp. 578–86. The deﬁnitive
study of Yockey’s life and underground political activities is Kevin Coogan, Dreamer of
the Day: Francis Parker Yockey and the Postwar Fascist International(New York: Autonomedia, 1999).
9. Coogan,Dreamer of the Day, pp. 48–73.
10. Coogan,Dreamer of the Day, pp. 92–100, 103. On Mrs. Washburn and the National Liberty Party, see Carlson,Under Cover, pp. 361–67.
11. Coogan,Dreamer of the Day, pp. 105–26.
12. Oswald Spengler, The Decline of the West, 2 vols. (London: George Allen and
Unwin, 1926–28), vol. 1, pp. 183–216.
13. Spengler,Decline of the West, vol. 2, pp. 315–23.
316 NOTES TO CHAPTER 314. Varange,Imperium, pp. 381–90.
15. Varange,Imperium, pp. 395–97, 493ff, 570ff, 533.
16. Francis Parker Yockey, The Proclamation of London of the European Liberation
Front, 2d ed. (Reedy, W.Va.: Liberty Bell Publications, 1981), pp. 28–29; Coogan,
Dreamer of the Day, pp. 167–81.
17. Coogan,Dreamer of the Day, pp. 227, 230–36, 240, 378–90.
18. Biographical information on Frederick Charles Weiss and H. Keith Thompson
is in Coogan, Dreamer of the Day, pp. 252–60. Weiss is also discussed in Arnold Forster
and Benjamin R. Epstein,Cross Currents(New York: Doubleday, 1956), Part 2, pp. 201ff
and passim. His contacts are also mentioned in Kurt P. Tauber, Beyond Eagle and
Swastika, 2 vols. (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1967), vol. 2, p. 1091
(VII/40).
19. Frederick Charles Weiss’s articles “Russia” and “Kto Kovo—Who-KillsWhom,” quoted in Coogan,Dreamer of the Day, pp. 440–41.
20. Bolton,Phoenix Rising, p. 2.
21. John Hassan,“White Muslims: The Greenshirts,”The Nexus, No. 4 (May 1996),
pp. 10–11.
22. For the origins and history of Theosophy, see Bruce F. Campbell,Ancient Wisdom Revived: A History of the Theosophical Movement(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980); Sylvia Cranston, HPB: The Extraordinary Life and Inﬂuence of Helena
Blavatsky, Founder of the Modern Theosophical Movement (New York: G. P. Putnam’s
Sons, 1993).
23. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky,The Secret Doctrine, 2d ed., 2 vols. (London: Theosophical Publishing Company, 1888), vol. 2, pp. 6–12, 300f, 433–36. The myth of
Lemurian miscegenation is discussed in vol. 2, pp. 184, 266f.
24. Blavatsky,The Secret Doctrine, vol. 2, p. 318f.
25. Bolton,Phoenix Rising, p. 4.
26. These references are drawn from “The New Atlantis: A Blueprint for an Aryan
Garden of Eden in North America,” published in serial form in National Renaissance
Bulletin in 1974. Parts 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10 were reprinted in Bolton,Phoenix Rising, pp. 15–46
(pp. 33–35, 37–39, 45–46). The Bulwer-Lytton quote is taken from his novel Vril: The
Power of the Coming Race(1871), an important source in the modern mythology of Nazi
occultism (see chapter 6).
27. James H. Madole, “The New Atlantis” (Parts 9 and 10), in Bolton,Phoenix Rising, pp. 32–39, 39–46 (pp. 36–37, 45–46).
28. Madole,“The New Atlantis” (Part 10), in Bolton,Phoenix Rising, pp. 39–46 (pp.
40–41).
29. “A salute to James Hartung Madole (Father of Post-war Occult-Fascism),”The
Nexus, No. 2 (November 1995), pp. 22–27 (pp. 25–26), reprinted in Bolton,Phoenix Rising, pp. 1–6 (pp. 4–5).
30. Goring, “The National Renaissance Party,” pp. 7–8.
31. Coogan,Dreamer of the Day, p. 27.
32. Bolton,Phoenix Rising, p. 8.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 4 31733. This account of the Security Echelon and its street ﬁghting campaigns and
pickets is drawn from “America’s Ksyatrias,” The Nexus, No. 4 (May 1996), pp. 6–10,
reprinted in Bolton,Phoenix Rising, pp. 7–14 (with additional photographs).
34. Bolton,Phoenix Rising, pp. 9–11.
35. Bolton,Phoenix Rising, pp. 10–11.
36. Bolton,Phoenix Rising, pp. 7, 12–14.
37. Bolton,Phoenix Rising, p. 5.
38. The contribution of Theosophy to the German völkischmovement is fully documented in Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults
and Their Inﬂuence on Nazi Ideology: The Ariosophists of Austria and Germany
1890–1935, 2d ed. (New York: New York University Press, 1992).
NOTES TO CHAPTER 5
1. A full biography of Savitri Devi is provided by Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke,
Hitler’s Priestess: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism(New York: New
York University Press, 1998).
2. Savitri Devi,Deﬁance(Calcutta: A. K. Mukerji, [1950]), pp. 12, 58.
3. Goodrick-Clarke,Hitler’s Priestess, pp. 19–25.
4. Léon Poliakov,The Aryan Myth: A History of Racist and Nationalist Ideas in Europe(London: Sussex University Press and Heinemann, 1974), pp. 190–92.
5. Poliakov,The Aryan Myth, pp. 192–99.
6. Savitri Devi, Gold im Schmelztiegel: Erlebnisse in Nachkriegsdeutschland, translated by Lotte Asmus (Padua: Edizioni di Ar, 1982), p. 21.
7. Bâl Gangadhar Tilak, The Arctic Home in the Vedas (Poona: Kesari, 1903), pp.
453–55, 464.
8. A concise account of the Aryan settlement of India appears in Romila Thapar,
“The Impact of Aryan Culture,” in A History of India, vol. 1 (Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1966), pp. 28–49.
9. Savitri Devi, L’Étang aux lotus(Calcutta: Author, 1940), pp. 19–25 (p. 25).
10. Savitri Devi,Deﬁance, p. 69.
11. Goodrick-Clarke,Hitler’s Priestess, pp. 39–40.
12. The origin and development of these movements are discussed in Christophe
Jaffrelot, The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics: 1925 to the 1990s (London: Hurst, 1996), pp. 11–35.
13. Savitri Devi, Souvenirs et réﬂexions d’une aryenne(New Delhi: Author, 1976),
pp. 35–40.
14. Quoted in Milan Hauner, India in Axis Strategy: Germany, Japan, and Indian
Nationalists in the Second World War(Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1981) (Publications of the
German Historical Institute, London, vol. 7), p. 66.
15. Savitri Devi,Souvenirs et réﬂexions d’une aryenne, pp. 41, 274f; Jean Parvulesco,
La spirale prophétique(Paris: Guy Trédaniel, 1986), p. 99.
16. Goodrick-Clarke,Hitler’s Priestess, p. 69.
318 NOTES TO CHAPTER 417. Savitri Devi,Deﬁance, pp. 149–51, 226.
18. Savitri Devi,The Lightning and the Sun (Calcutta: Author, 1958), pp. 18–19.
19. Savitri Devi,The Lightning and the Sun, pp. 36–55.
20. The complex mythology and theology of the avatar receive their deﬁnitive
study in Geoffrey Parrinder,Avatar and Incarnation, 2d ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982).
21. Savitri Devi,The Lightning and the Sun, pp. 229–49.
22. Bhagavad Gita, VI, verses 7–8. This couplet is quoted by Savitri Devi repeatedly
inPilgrimage(Calcutta: Author, 1958), pp. [v], 7, 28, 31, 52, 173, 188–89, 261, and in The
Lightning and the Sun, p. 416 and passim.
23. Savitri Devi,The Lightning and the Sun, pp. 215–16, 222–24.
24. Savitri Devi, The Lightning and the Sun, pp. 349–51. August Kubizek, Young
Hitler, 2d ed. (Maidstone, U.K.: George Mann, 1973), pp. 64–66.
25. William L. Pierce, “George Lincoln Rockwell: A National Socialist Life,” National Socialist World, No. 5 (Winter 1967), 13–36 (p. 26); Matt Koehl,Faith of the Future,
2d ed. (Milwaukee, Wis.: New Order, 1995), p. 28. A condensed version of Savitri Devi’s
The Lightning and the Sun appeared in Pierce’s National Socialist World, No. 1 (Spring
1966), pp. 13–90 (Kubizek account, p. 84).
26. Goodrick-Clarke,Hitler’s Priestess, pp. 131–32.
27. Text of handbill quoted in English in Savitri Devi, Deﬁance, pp. 1ff. The German original appears in Savitri Devi,Gold im Schmelztiegel, p. 261.
28. Goodrick-Clarke,Hitler’s Priestess, pp. 137–38.
29. Savitri Devi, Gold im Schmelztiegel, pp. 239–46, 315–40, and Pilgrimage,
pp. 244f.
30. Savitri Devi,Deﬁance, pp. 188f.
31. Savitri Devi,Deﬁance, pp. 169, 104, 190.
32. Details of the female wardresses appear in Savitri Devi,Gold im Schmelztiegel,
pp. 128–30. The Auschwitz service of Hertha Ehlert, her best friend at Werl, is mentioned in Deﬁance, p. 273.
33. Goodrick-Clarke,Hitler’s Priestess, pp. 140–46.
34. Goodrick-Clarke,Hitler’s Priestess, pp. 140–46.
35. Savitri Devi,Pilgrimage, pp. 318–54.
36. The political context of these far-right parties in the early postwar years receives attention in Martin Lee, The Beast Reawakens(London: Little, Brown and Company, 1997), pp. 49–52, 115–17.
37. Hans-Ulrich Rudel describes his experiences in the postwar period 1945 to 1951
inTrotzdem: Kriegs- und Nachkriegszeit(Preußisch Oldendorf: Karl-Schütz-Verlag, 1987)
andMein Leben im Krieg und Frieden (Rosenheim: Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1994).
38. Goodrick-Clarke,Hitler’s Priestess, pp. 176–79, 181–86.
39. Goodrick-Clarke,Hitler’s Priestess, p. 190.
40. Goodrick-Clarke,Hitler’s Priestess, pp. 195–203.
41. Savitri Devi, “The Lightning and the Sun (condensed edition),” National Socialist World, No. 1 (Spring 1966), pp. 13–90.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 5 31942. Savitri Devi, “Gold in the Furnace,” National Socialist World, No. 3 (Spring
1967), pp. 59–71; Savitri Devi, “Deﬁance” (excerpts), National Socialist World, No. 6
(Winter 1968), pp. 64–87.
43. Matt Koehl, “Adolf Hitler: German Nationalist or Aryan Racist,”National Socialist World, No. 4 (Summer 1967), pp. 13–22 (p. 22), and “Hitler and We,” New Order
brochure reprint of speech before Midwest comrades on 20 April 1992.
44. Lotte Asmus and Vittorio De Cecco, “La ‘missionaria’ del paganesimo ariano,”
Risguardo 4 (1984), pp. 64–70.
45. Pierre Vidal-Naquet,Assassins of Memory: Essays on the Denial of the Holocaust
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1992), pp. 21, 43.
46. Savitri Devi,L’India e il Nazismo (Parma: Edizioni all’insegna del Veltro, 1979)
(Quaderni del Veltro 11), pp. 5–7.
47. Arya of Montreal has published Omaggio a Savitri Devi as Arya 2 (1978). An
Italian translation of her book on Paul of Tarsus, introduced by “Wittekind,” was published under the title Cristianesimo e Giudaismo (Paolo di Tarso),Arya 5 (January 1981).
48. Searchlight, No. 91 (January 1983), p. 3; Searchlight, No. 97 (July 1983), p. 10.
49. Alfred Rosenberg, Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts (Munich: HoheneichenVerlag [Franz-Eher-Verlag], 1934), pp. 660–64.
50. Goodrick-Clarke,Hitler’s Priestess, pp. 219–22 (p. 220).
51. “Heart of Gold, Spirit of Light, Will of Steel,”The Order[No. 14, early 1996?],
cover headline: “No Surrender to ZOG!” [pp. 5–7].
52. Savitri Devi, The Lightning and the Sun, 3d ed. (Paraparaumu Beach, New
Zealand: Renaissance Press, 1994); cover title and article “Priestess of Hitlerism: Savitri
Devi,”The Nexus, No. 9 (August 1997), pp. 1–4.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 6
1. The following novels illustrate the increasing popularity of Nazi fugitive and
thriller ﬁction from the early 1960s onward: Jack Higgins, The Testament of Caspar
Schultz(1962); Philip K. Dick,The Man in the High Castle(1962); Helen MacInnes,The
Salzburg Connection (1968); Frederick Forsyth, The Odessa File(1972); Norman Spinrad, The Iron Dream (1972); Michael Sinclair, A Long Time Sleeping (1975); Ira Levin,
The Boys from Brazil (1976); John Gardner, The Werewolf Trace (1977); Trevor Hoyle,
Through the Eye of Time(1977); George Markstein,The Goering Testament(1978); Duncan Kyle, Black Camelot(1978); James Herbert, The Spear(1978); Robert Ludlum, The
Holcroft Covenant(1978); Harold King,Closing Ceremonies(1980); Richard Hugo, The
Hitler Diaries(1982); Gordon Stevens,Spider(1984); Pierre Salinger and Leonard Gross,
The Dossier(1984); Maurice Sellar,The Front Man (1985); Joseph Heywood,The Berkut
(1987); Greg Iles,Spandau Phoenix (1993). More serious literature concerning the imaginative legacy of Nazism would include: George Steiner, The Portage to San Cristobal of
A.H. (1979); William Styron, Sophie’s Choice (1979); D. M. Thomas, The White Hotel
(1981). A critical evaluation of the Nazi thriller genre and its inspiration has been undertaken by Saul Friedlander,Reﬂections of Nazism: An Essay on Kitsch and Death, trans-
320 NOTES TO CHAPTER 5lated by Thomas Weyr (New York: Harper and Row, 1982), and Alvin H. Rosenfeld,
Imagining Hitler(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985).
During the 1970s, non-ﬁction books about Nazi-hunting in Latin America (with
special reference to Martin Bormann) included William Stevenson,The Bormann Brotherhood (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973), and Ladislas Farago, Aftermath:
Martin Bormann and the Fourth Reich (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1975), while
the search for Josef Mengele, the infamous Auschwitz doctor, was covered by Erich Erdstein,Inside the Fourth Reich (London: Robert Hale, 1977).
2. The best account of the Stern affair is provided by Robert Harris, Selling Hitler:
The Story of the Hitler Diaries(London: Faber and Faber, 1986).
3. Ian Sayer and Douglas Botting,Nazi Gold: The Story of the World’s Greatest Robbery and Its Aftermath (London: Granada, 1984), and Arthur L. Smith, Jr.,Hitler’s Gold:
The Story of the Nazi War Loot(Oxford: Berg Publishers, 1989), document the mystery
of the missing Reichsbank reserves. The looting and fate of European art collections is
treated in Charles De Jaeger,The Linz File: Hitler’s Plunder of European Art(Exeter: Webb
and Bower, 1981); Lynn H. Nicholas,The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe’s Treasures
in the Third Reich(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994);The Spoils of War: World War II and
Its Aftermath: The Loss, Reappearance, and Recovery of Cultural Property, edited by Elizabeth Simpson (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1997).
4. These speculative non-ﬁction works typically focus on Hitler’s charismatic powers as a kind of demonic possession, and the supposedly all-powerful occult Thule Society in Munich (est. 1918) and other secret lodges as channels of black initiation. Leading
examples of the genre include: Dietrich Bronder,Bevor Hitler kam(Hanover: Hans Pfeiffer, 1964); René Alleau,Hitler et les sociétés secrètes(Paris: Grasset, 1969); Werner Gerson,
Le Nazisme société secrète (Paris: N.O.E,, 1969); Jean-Michel Angebert [i.e., Michel
Bertrand and Jean Angelini], Les mystiques du soleil(Paris: Laffont, 1971); Jean-Michel
Angebert,Hitler et la tradition cathare(Paris: Laffont, 1971); Jean-Michel Angebert,The
Occult and the Third Reich (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971); Trevor Ravenscroft, The
Spear of Destiny (London: Neville Spearman, 1972); Jean-Claude Frère, Nazisme et sociétés secrètes(Paris: Grasset, 1974); J. H. Brennan,Occult Reich (London: Futura, 1974);
Francis King, Satan and Swastika (St. Albans, U.K.: Mayﬂower, 1976); Dusty Sklar,Gods
and Beasts: The Nazis and the Occult(New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1977).
5. Hans Thomas Hakl,Unknown Sources: National Socialism and the Occult, translated by Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke (Edmonds, Wash.: Holmes, 2000), pp. 22–26. The
references quoted are René Kopp, “Le secret psychique des maîtres du Monde: Bonaparte, Mussolini, Hitler,” Le Chariot: Revue Mensuelle de Psychologie Expérimentale et
d’Occultisme, No. 54 (June 1934), pp. 86, 111; Edouard Saby, Le Tyran Nazi et les Forces
Occultes, 2d ed. (Paris: Editions de l’Ecole Addéiste, 1944), pp. 98, 104. The work was ﬁrst
published as Hitler et les Forces Occultesin 1939.
6. Theodor Schieder, Hermann Rauschnings “Gespräche mit Hitler” als Geschichtsquelle (Opladen, Germany: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1972); Wolfgang Hänel, Hermann
Rauschnings “Gespräche mit Hitler”: Eine Geschichtsfälschung (Ingolstadt, Germany:
Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle, 1984).
NOTES TO CHAPTER 6 3217. Hermann Rauschning, Hitler Speaks (London: Thornton Butterworth, 1939),
pp. 213, 240–43, 251.
8. Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier,The Morning of the Magicians, translated by
Rollo Myers (St. Albans, U.K.: Mayﬂower, 1971), pp. 149f, 176–78, 195, 203. The French
authors link Hitler’s ideas of magical consciousness and a future mutation of the species
to his enthusiasm for Hanns Hörbiger’s World Ice Theory, which they discuss at length
on pp. 153–70, 176–79. Rauschning attributed Hitler’s interest in the myths and visions
of early man, lapsed forms of perception and supernatural powers (Cyclopean eye) and
their revival in a higher stage of human development to the writings of Edgar Dacqué, a
Munich professor of geology and paleontology, who based his speculations on Hörbiger’s theory, Hermann Rauschning,Hitler Speaks, pp. 240–41.
9. Trevor Ravenscroft, The Spear of Destiny: The Occult Power behind the Spear
Which Pierced the Side of Christ (London: Neville Spearman, 1972), pp. 38n, 159f,
170–71, 175–76, 189–90, 244, 250; J. H. Brennan, Occult Reich (London: Futura, 1974),
pp. 58–59, 101–2.
10. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky,The Secret Doctrine, 2d ed., 2 vols. (London: Theosophical Publishing Company, 1888), vol. 1, pp. xxiii–xxv; vol. 2, p. 319.
11. The myths of Agartha and Shamballah, and their many versions, are extensively analyzed in Joscelyn Godwin, Arktos: The Polar Myth in Science, Symbolism and
Nazi Survival(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Phanes, 1993), chapters 7 and 8. The sources for a
Theosophical Shamballah in the Gobi region are Annie Besant and Charles Leadbeater,
Man: Whence, How and Whither: A Record of Clairvoyant Investigation (Adyar, India:
Theosophical Publishing House, 1913), pp. 249–51, and Alice A. Bailey, Initiation,
Human and Solar(New York: Lucis Publishing, 1974), p. 33. (First edition, 1922.)
12. Joscelyn Godwin, Arktos, p. 81. The reference is to Louis Jacolliot, Le Fils de
Dieu (Paris: Lacroix, 1873), pp. 237, 264, 309–11, 326–27.
13. Joseph Saint-Yves d’Alveydre, La Mission de l’Inde en Europe (Paris: Dorbon,
1910), p. 27. For further details of Saint-Yves’s life and thought, see Joscelyn Godwin,
“Saint-Yves d’Alveydre and the Agarthian Connection,” The Hermetic Journal, No. 32
(Summer 1986), pp. 24–34; No. 33 (Autumn 1986), pp. 31–38; also Arktos, pp. 83–86.
14. Ferdinand Ossendowski, Beasts, Men and Gods (London: Edward Arnold,
1926), pp. 299–316 (pp. 313–14).
15. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky,Isis Unveiled, 2 vols. (New York: Bouton, 1877), vol.
1, pp. 64, 125.
16. Willy Ley, “Pseudoscience in Naziland,”Astounding Science Fiction 39 (1947),
pp. 90–98.
17. Pauwels and Bergier,The Morning of the Magicians, p. 146f.
18. Pauwels and Bergier,The Morning of the Magicians, p. 148n.
19. Pauwels and Bergier,The Morning of the Magicians, p. 180.
20. The original source for the Thule Society is Rudolf von Sebottendorff, Bevor
Hitler kam: Urkundliches aus der Frühzeit der national-sozialistischen Bewegung (Munich: Deukula-Verlag, Grassinger & Co., 1933), which includes a complete membership
list. The origin, history and activities of the Thule are documented in Reginald H.
322 NOTES TO CHAPTER 6Phelps, “‘Before Hitler Came’: Thule Society and Germanen Orden,” Journal of Modern
History 25 (1963), pp. 245–61; Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, The Occult Roots of Nazism:
Secret Aryan Cults and Their Inﬂuence on Nazi Ideology: The Ariosophists of Austria and
Germany 1890–1935, 2d ed. (New York: New York University Press, 1992), chapter 11;
Hermann Gilbhard, Die Thule-Gesellschaft: Vom okkulten Mummenschanz zum Hakenkreuz(Munich: Kiessling, 1994), and Detlev Rose, Die Thule-Gesellschaft: Legende—
Mythos—Wirklichkeit(Tübingen: Grabert, 1994).
21. Dietrich Eckart’s life and thought, with special reference to his links with Hitler
and the Nazi Party, are the subject of Ralph Max Engelman, “Dietrich Eckart and the
Genesis of Nazism” (Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo., 1970).
For a detailed discussion of the question of Eckart’s inﬂuence on Hitler, see Rose, Die
Thule-Gesellschaft, pp. 108–20.
22. The limited extent of Hitler’s personal contact with Karl Haushofer may be deduced from Hans-Adolf Jacobsen,Karl Haushofer: Leben und Werk, vol. 1 (Schriften des
Bundesarchivs 24/1) (Boppard am Rhein: Boldt, 1979), pp. 224–58. However, by the
mid-1920s Hitler was certainly acquainted with the writings of Haushofer and his
geopolitical school; see Woodruff D. Smith, The Ideological Origins of Nazi Imperialism
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 240, 305.
23. Louis Pauwels,Gurdjieff(Douglas, Isle of Man: Times Press, 1964), pp. 62–65.
First edition published under the title Monsieur Gurdjieff (Paris: Editions du Seuil,
1954).
24. Jacobsen,Karl Haushofer, pp. 86–89, 467.
25. Pauwels and Bergier,The Morning of the Magicians, p. 193. The deathbed quotation is wholly unattributed and ﬁrst appears in this source. It has been regularly repeated in the “Nazi Mysteries” literature.
26. Pauwels and Bergier, The Morning of the Magicians, pp. 195–98 (quoted passage, p. 198).
27. Johannes Hering, “Beiträge zur Geschichte der Thule-Gesellschaft,” typescript
dated 21 June 1939, Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, NS26/865.
28. Bronder,Bevor Hitler kam, pp. 234–44.
29. Robert Charroux,Legacy of the Gods(London: Sphere, 1979), pp. 116–19, 123f,
176f, 178–97. First published as Le livre des secrets trahis (Paris: Laffont, 1965). Charroux’s other titles that repeat many of these themes include One Hundred Thousand
Years of Man’s Unknown History (London: Sphere, 1981) [ﬁrst published as Histoire inconnue des hommes depuis cent mille ans (Paris: Laffont, 1963)]; Masters of the World
(London: Sphere, 1979) [ﬁrst published as Le livre des maîtres de monde(Paris: Laffont,
1967)]; The Mysterious Unknown (London: Neville Spearman, 1972) [ﬁrst published as
Le livre du mystérieux inconnu (Paris: Laffont, 1969)];Lost Worlds: Scientiﬁc Secrets of the
Ancients(London: Souvenir, 1973) [ﬁrst published as Le livre des mondes oubliés(Paris:
Laffont, 1971)]; The Mysterious Past(London: Futura, 1974) [ﬁrst published as Le livre
du passé mystérieux (Paris: Laffont, 1973)].
30. Trevor Ravenscroft’s military career and the doubtful nature of his contact with
Walter Johannes Stein are critically examined in Ken Anderson, Hitler and the Occult
NOTES TO CHAPTER 6 323(New York: Prometheus Books, 1995), pp. 85–97 and Alan Baker,Invisible Eagle: The History of Nazi Occultism(London: Virgin, 2000), pp. 125–30, 132–39.
31. Walter Johannes Stein, Weltgeschichte im Lichte des Heiligen Gral: Das Neunte
Jahrhundert (Stuttgart: Orient-Occident Verlag, 1928), pp. 6–8, 381–94. This book has
been published in English language as The Ninth Century: World History in the Light of
the Holy Grail, translated by Irene Groves (London: Temple Lodge Press, 1991).
32. Ravenscroft,The Spear of Destiny, pp. 47–55.
33. Ravenscroft,The Spear of Destiny, pp. 57–88.
34. For Hitler’s knowledge of Wagner operas at Linz and Vienna, see August Kubizek,Young Hitler: The Story of Our Friendship, 2d ed. (Maidstone, U.K.: George Mann,
1973), pp. 138–44. For Hitler’s statements relating to his Parsifal-religion, see Joachim
Fest, Hitler(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1974), p. 499, and Hermann Rauschning,Hitler Speaks, pp. 227–28.
35. Ravenscroft,The Spear of Destiny, pp. 25–31. Cf. Alan Bullock,Hitler: A Study
in Tyranny, 2d ed. (Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1962), pp. 35f.
36. Stein’s biographer knows nothing of a personal acquaintance between Hitler
and his subject in Vienna. Johannes Tautz,Walter Johannes Stein: A Biography (London:
Temple Lodge Press, 1990). See also Goodrick-Clarke, The Occult Roots of Nazism, pp.
223–24.
37. Ravenscroft,The Spear of Destiny, pp. 88, 167–70, 186.
38. Ravenscroft,The Spear of Destiny, p. 230.
39. Ravenscroft,The Spear of Destiny, pp. 253–59.
40. Ravenscroft,The Spear of Destiny, pp. 103–105.
41. Francis King, Satan and Swastika (St. Albans, U.K.: Mayﬂower, 1976), pp.
12–13, 108–9; Dusty Sklar, Gods and Beasts: The Nazis and the Occult (New York:
Thomas Y. Crowell, 1977), pp. 23f, 47, 56f, 63.
42. Howard A. Buechner and Wilhelm Bernhart,Adolf Hitler and the Secrets of the
Holy Lance(Metairie, La.: Thunderbird Press, 1988);Hitler’s Ashes: Seeds of a New Reich
(Metairie, La.: Thunderbird Press, 1989).
43. Pauwels and Bergier, The Morning of the Magicians, pp. 203–8. Cf. Hermann
Rauschning,Hitler Speaks, pp. 243–48.
44. A. de Saint-Loup,Nouveaux cathares pour Montségur(Paris: Presses de la Cité,
1967); “Entrevue avec Saint-Loup,”Le Nouveau Planète(Paris), No. 9 (July 1969). These
sources were quoted by Miguel Serrano, El Cordón Dorado: Hitlerismo Esotérico, 3d ed.
(Bogota: Solar, 1985), p. 242.
45. Jean-Michel Angebert [i.e., Michel Bertrand and Jean Angelini], Les mystiques
du soleil(Paris: Laffont, 1971); Jean-Michel Angebert,Hitler et la tradition cathare(Paris:
Laffont, 1971); Jean-Michel Angebert, The Occult and the Third Reich (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971); Howard A. Buechner, Emerald Cup—Ark of Gold: The Quest of SS Lt
Otto Rahn of the Third Reich (Metairie, La.: Thunderbird Press, 1991).
46. The standard scholarly study of the SS Ahnenerbe is Michael H. Kater, Das
“Ahnenerbe” der SS 1935–1945: Ein Beitrag zur Kulturpolitik des Dritten Reiches
(Stuttgart: Deutscher Verlags-Anstalt, 1974).
324 NOTES TO CHAPTER 647. This expedition was recorded in detail in Ernst Schäfer, Berge, Buddhas und
Bären: Forschung und Jagd in geheimnisvollem Tibet(Berlin: Paul Parey, 1933).
48. Final Intelligence Report (OI-FIR), No. 32, “The Activities of Dr Ernst Schäfer,
Tibet Explorer and Scientist with SS-Sponsored Scientiﬁc Institutes,” Third Army Interrogation Center, dated 12 February 1946.
49. Numerous color plates and photographs in Ernst Schäfer,Geheimnis Tibet: Erster Bericht der Deutschen Tibet-Expedition Ernst Schäfer 1938/39 (Munich: F. Bruckmann, 1943).
50. Pauwels and Bergier,Morning of the Magicians, p. 207.
51. Bronder,Bevor Hitler kam, pp. 243–44.
52. Josef Ackermann, Heinrich Himmler als Ideologe (Göttingen: Musterschmidt,
1970), pp. 60–62.
53. Brennan,Occult Reich, p. 120; King,Satan and Swastika, p. 172; Sklar,Gods and
Beasts, p. 85; Ravenscroft,The Spear of Destiny, p. 311.
54. Karl Hüser, Wewelsburg 1933–1945: Kult- und Terrorstätte der SS (Paderborn:
Verlag Bonifatius-Druckerei, 1982), pp. 10–11, 20–34.
55. Hüser,Wewelsburg 1933–1945, pp. 230–31, 274–75, 292–98.
56. Details of Wewelsburg symbolism and ceremonies in Ravenscroft,The Spear of
Destiny, pp. 309–11; Brennan, Occult Reich, pp. 116f; Francis King, Satan and Swastika,
pp. 15, 174–76; Dusty Sklar,Gods and Beasts, p. 99. These stories actually reﬂect local oral
tradition at Wewelsburg, related by Rupprecht, the castle warden in the 1960s. Heinz
Höhne,The Order of the Death’s Head: The Story of Hitler’s SS (London: Pan, 1972), pp.
139–40.
57. James Herbert, The Spear (London: New English Library, 1978), pp. 192–94;
Duncan Kyle,Black Camelot(Glasgow: William Collins, 1978), pp. 216–18.
58. J. H. Brennan,Occult Reich, p. 130f.
59. Baker,Invisible Eagle, pp. 14–15.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 7
1. The life and works of Herman Wirth are summarized in Michael H. Kater,Das
“Ahnenerbe” der SS 1935–1945: Ein Beitrag zur Kulturpolitik des Dritten Reiches
(Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1974), pp. 11–16, 41–43.
2. Eberhard Baumann, Herman Wirth: Verzeichnis der Schriften, Manuscripte und
Vorträge(Toppenstedt, Germany: Uwe Berg, 1994).
3. Claude Schweikhart [i.e., Erich Halik], “Um Krone und Gipfel der Welt,”Mensch und Schicksal 6, No. 10 (1 August 1952), pp. 3–5.
4. Erich Halik, “Das Phänomen der ‘Fliegenden Untertassen,’”Mensch und Schicksal 5, No. 19 (15 December 1951), pp. 4–7, No. 20 (1 January 1952) pp. 5–8.
5. Claude Schweikhart, “Verkündigung des Pol-Reiches,” Mensch und Schicksal 8,
No. 7 (15 June 1954), pp. 3–6. Erich Halik, “Keine Invasion aus dem Weltraum!”Mensch
und Schicksal 8, No. 9 (15 July 1954), pp. 3–5.
6. Erich Halik’s references to the “Black Sun” are discussed in Rudolf J. Mund,Vom
NOTES TO CHAPTER 7 325Mythos der schwarzen Sonne(Das andere Kreuz 2) (Vienna: Author, [1981]), pp. 8–10,
41–43.
7. Hanns Hörbiger and Philipp Fauth, Glacial-Kosmogonie: Eine neue Entwickelungsgeschichte des Weltalls und des Sonnensystems(Kaiserslautern, Germany: Hermann
Kayser, 1913), esp. chapter 25.
8. For a recent study of Hörbiger’s World Ice Theory, see Robert Bowen,Universal
Ice: Science and Ideology in the Nazi State(London: Belhaven, 1993). Its political reception by the Nazis is also examined, pp. 130–52.
9. Kiß published the research results of his ﬁrst expedition to the Andes in two articles:“Die Kordillerenkolonien der Atlantiden,”Schlüssel zum Weltgeschehen(1931), No.
8/9, 256ff, and “Nordische Baukunst in Bolivien?”Germanien (May 1933), No. 5, 138ff.
The latter journal subsequently became the ofﬁcial organ of the SS Ahnenerbe. Kiß’s
works in support of Hörbiger include Die oft verlästerte, von vielen gepriesene, von
manchen schon vernichtete, aber zäh und kampfbereit weiterlebende Welt-Eis-Lehre, allen
Gelehrten und Ungelehrten . . . nach Hanns Hörbigers Lehre dargestellt(Leipzig: Koehler
und Amelang, 1933), and Die kosmischen Ursachen der Völkerwanderungen (Leipzig:
Koehler und Amelang, 1934), while he interpreted the ruins at Lake Titicaca in Das Sonnentor von Tihuanaku und Hörbigers Welteislehre(Leipzig: Koehler und Amelang, 1937).
10. Edmund Kiß,Das gläserne Meer: Ein Roman aus Urtagen(Leipzig: Koehler und
Amelang, 1930); Frühling in Atlantis: Roman aus der Blütezeit des Reiches Atlantis
(Leipzig: Koehler und Amelang, 1933).
11. Edmund Kiß,Die letzte Königin von Atlantis: Ein Roman aus der Zeit um 12000
vor Christi Geburt (Leipzig: Koehler und Amelang, 1931); Die Singschwäne aus Thule
(Leipzig: v. Hase & Koehler, 1939).
12. For details of Kiß’s activities in the Ahnenerbe, see Kater,Das “Ahnenerbe” der
SS 1935–1945, pp. 52, 97, 113, and Rüdiger Sünner, Schwarze Sonne: Entfesselung und
Mißbrauch der Mythen in Nationalsozialismus und rechter Esoterik (Freiburg: Herder
Verlag), pp. 46–47. The adoption of the World Ice Theory by the Ahnenerbe and the Pyrmont Protocol are documented in James Webb,The Occult Establishment(La Salle, Ill.:
Open Court, 1976), pp. 327–30.
13. Hitler’s Table Talk, 1941–55, edited by H. R. Trevor-Roper, 2d ed. (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1973), pp. 249, 324, 445.
14. Rudolf J. Mund, “Begegnung mit Edmund Kiss” (Das andere Kreuz) (Vienna:
Author, [1983]).
15. Otto Rahn, Kreuzzug gegen den Gral (Freiburg: Urban-Verlag, 1933); Luzifers
Hofgesind: Eine Reise zu Europas guten Geistern (Leipzig: Schwarzhäupter-Verlag, 1937).
The fullest biography of Otto Rahn to date with extensive documentation is Hans-Jürgen Lange, “Der Gralssucher,” in Otto Rahn: Leben und Werk, edited by Hans-Jürgen
Lange (Engerda, Germany: Arun-Verlag, 1995), pp. 17–92. See also Christian Bernadac,
Le Mystère Otto Rahn: Du Catharisme au Nazisme(Paris: France-Empire, 1978); Walter
Birks and R. A. Gilbert,The Treasure of Montsegur: A Study of the Cathar Heresy and the
Nature of the Cathar Secret(Wellingborough, U.K.: Crucible, 1987), pp. 38–40; Nicholas
Goodrick-Clarke,The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and Their Inﬂuence on
326 NOTES TO CHAPTER 7Nazi Ideology: The Ariosophists of Austria and Germany 1890–1935, 2d ed. (New York:
New York University Press, 1992), pp. 188–89. Howard A. Buechner,Emerald Cup—Ark
of Gold: The Quest of SS Lt. Otto Rahn of the Third Reich (Metairie, La.: Thunderbird
Press, 1991), is a fanciful work in the tradition of the “Nazi Mysteries.”
16. For Lanz von Liebenfels and the Ordo Novi Templi, see Wilfried Daim, Der
Mann der Hitler die Ideen gab: Die sektierischen Grundlagen des Nationalsozialismus, 2d
ed. (Vienna: Hermann Böhlau, 1985), and Goodrick-Clarke,The Occult Roots of Nazism,
esp. pp. 90–122.
17. Rudolf J. Mund,Jörg Lanz v. Liebenfels und der Neue Templer Orden: Die Esoterik des Christentums(Stuttgart: Rudolf Arnold Spieth, 1976).
18. Rudolf J. Mund,Der Rasputin Himmlers: Die Wiligut-Saga (Vienna: VolkstumVerlag, 1982). The life and inﬂuence of Wiligut is also documented in Goodrick-Clarke,
The Occult Roots of Nazism, pp. 177–91. Further documentation is offered by Hans-Jürgen Lange,Weisthor: Karl-Maria Wiligut—Himmlers Rasputin und seine Erben(Engerda:
Arun-Verlag, 1998).
19. Mund, Vom Mythos der Schwarzen Sonne, pp. 12–30; Emil Rüdiger, Die Kraft
der zwei Sonnen (Ingelheim, 1994).
20. For an account of Guido von List and the debt of Armanism to Theosophy, see
Goodrick-Clarke,The Occult Roots of Nazism, pp. 49–55.
21. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky,The Secret Doctrine, 2 vols. (London: Theosophical
Publishing Company, 1888), vol. 2, pp. 240–41.
22. Guido List, Die Rita der Ario-Germanen (Leipzig and Vienna: E. F. Steinacker,
1908), pp. 9–10; Die Bilderschrift der Ario-Germanen (Ario-Germanische Hieroglyphik)
(Leipzig and Vienna: E. F. Steinacker, 1910), pp. 44–48.
23. Peryt Shou, Das Mysterium der Zentralsonne(Leipzig: Jaeger, 1910), pp. 7, 39;
Deutschlands Zukunft im Gesetz kosmologischer Entwicklung (Berlin: Pyramidenverlag
Dr Schwarz, 1923), pp. 269–76, 292ff.
24. Kurt P. Tauber, Beyond Eagle and Swastika: German Nationalism since 1945, 2
vols. (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1967), vol. 1, pp. 231, 578, 627f.
25. Wilhelm Landig, Götzen gegen Thule: Ein Roman voller Wirklichkeiten
(Hanover: Hans Pfeiffer, 1971), pp. 137–38. The novel is admirably summarized and discussed in Joscelyn Godwin,Arktos: The Polar Myth in Science, Symbolism, and Nazi Survival(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Phanes, 1993), pp. 63–69.
26. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 158–65.
27. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 51–55, 472–75, 543–44.
28. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 250–61 (p. 259).
29. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 311–33 (p. 319).
30. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 169–71.
31. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 166, 367, 371, 472, 516. Cf.Wolfszeit um Thule
(Vienna: Volkstum-Verlag, 1980), p. 459.
32. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 471–72.
33. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, p. 169.
34. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 140, 516f.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 7 32735. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 619–20.
36. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 629–31.
37. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 727–30, 734, 745–48.
38. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 40–42.
39. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 63–66, 134.
40. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 121–38.
41. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 167–68, 171–76, 186.
42. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 197–219.
43. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 354–55.
44. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 388–94.
45. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 470, 476.
46. Landig,Rebellen für Thule(Vienna: Volkstum-Verlag, 1991), p. 509.
47. Landig,Rebellen für Thule, pp. 569–70.
48. The ensuing Babylon-Bible debate aroused the Kaiser’s strongest interest,
whereupon Chamberlain published his own views. Geooffrey G. Field,Evangelist of Race:
The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain (New York: Columbia University
Press, 1981), pp. 255–56.
49. Wilhelm Landig, Rebellen für Thule, pp. 517–27. Landig refers to the pioneering work of Peter Jensen,Das Gilgamesch Epos(Strasburg: K. J. Trübner, 1906).
50. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 31f, 41.
51. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 354–55.
52. Russell McCloud,Die schwarze Sonne von Tashi Lhunpo (Vilsbiburg, Germany:
Arun-Verlag, 1991), pp. 35, 94.
53. The SS occupation and reconstruction of the Wewelsburg is fully documented
in Karl Hüser, Wewelsburg 1933–1945: Kult- und Terrorstätte der SS (Paderborn, Germany: Verlag Bonifatius-Druckerei, 1982). Extensive pictorial illustration is provided by
Stuart Russell and Jost W. Schneider,Heinrich Himmlers Burg. Das weltanschauliche Zentrum der SS: Bildchronik der SS-Schule Haus Wewelsburg 1934–1945 (Landshut, Germany: RVG, 1989). Photographs of the sun wheel appear in ibid., pp. 81–82.
54. Dorothee Renner, Die durchbrochenen Zierscheiben der Merowingerzeit
(Mainz: Röm-German. Zentralmuseum, 1970). Examples of symbols very similar to
the Wewelsburg sun wheel occur in Mannus 28 (1936), 270; Walther Veeck, Die Alemannen in Württemberg (Berlin and Leipzig: DeGruyter, 1931); Hans Reinerth (ed.),
Die Vorgeschichte der deutschen Stämme, 3 vols. (Berlin: Bibliographisches Institut,
1940), vol. 2, plate 219. References in Rüdiger Sünner, Schwarze Sonne: Entfesselung
und Mißbrauch der Mythen in Nationalsozialismus und rechter Esoterik (Freiburg:
Herder, 1999), pp. 148, 245 (note 426).
55. McCloud,Die schwarze Sonne von Tashi Lhunpo, pp. 156–58, 285–99.
56. Norbert Hess, Die schwarze Sonne von Tashi Lhunpo. Das Drehbuch (Schatten
der Macht: Polit-Thriller) (Engerda, Germany: Arun-Verlag, 1995); “An interview with
Kadmon (Allerseelen/”Aorta”),The Nexus, No. 2 (November 1995), pp. 1–6.
57. Elemente, No. 6 (Kassel, 1998), pp. 8, 22; Sol Invictus: Schriftenreihe des Freundeskreises für Brauchtum und Kultur, Folge 2, “Mitternacht” (Texte zum Mythenkomplex
328 NOTES TO CHAPTER 7Mitternachstberg—Schwarze Sonne—Lichtbringer) (Ilvesheim, Germany [1997]), back
cover, both quoted in Sünner, Schwarze Sonne, p. 144.
58. Antony Parkin,“Wewelsburg—Himmler’s Black Camelot,”The Flaming Sword,
No. 1 (January 1994), pp. 4–7; badge advertisement,[The] Nexus, No. 1 (August 1995),
pp. 6–7.
59. Schwarze Sonne: Mythologische Hintergründe des Nationalsozialismus, directed
by Rüdiger Sünner, produced by Elisabeth Müller Filmproduktion, Düsseldorf, 1996.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 8
1. John and Anne Spencer,Fifty Years of UFOs: From Distant Sightings to Close Encounters (London: Boxtree, 1997), pp. 12–17. Kenneth Arnold’s original report to the
military authorities is published in UFOs 1947–1997: From Arnold to the Abductees: Fifty
Years of Flying Saucers(London: John Brown, 1997), pp. 28–34. Cf. Kenneth Arnold and
Ray Palmer,The Coming of the Saucers(Amherst, Wis.: Author, 1952).
2. Spencer, Fifty Years of UFOs, pp. 30–31.
3. Desmond Leslie and George Adamski, Flying Saucers Have Landed (London:
Neville Spearman, 1953).
4. Donald M. McKale,Hitler: The Survival Myth (New York: Stein and Day, 1981),
pp. 49–58. It seems highly likely that Stalin wanted a “live” Hitler, not only to justify Soviet power in Europe to counter the menace of a Nazi revival, but also to embarrass the
Western Allies with the suggestion that Hitler had found sanctuary in their sphere of in-
ﬂuence.
5. McKale,Hitler, pp. 62–64.
6. McKale,Hitler, pp. 137–39.
7. Lee Van Atta,El Mercurio, 5 March 1947.
8. Ladislao Szabó,Hitler esta vivo (Buenos Aries: El Tabano, 1947), pp. 161–63. The
French magazine Bonjour, the Montevideo paper El Dia and the sensational U.S. magazine The National Police Gazette all carried similar stories; McKale, Hitler, pp. 138,
222–23, notes 4, 6.
9. “Untertassen—sie ﬂiegen aber doch,”Der Spiegel(30 March 1950), pp. 33–35.
10. “Fliegende Untertassen—eine deutsche Erﬁndung,” Die 7 Tage: Illustrierte
Wochenschrift aus dem Zeitgeschehen, No. 26 (27 June 1952), p. 1; “Fliegende Untertasse=Deutsche Flugkreisel?”Das Ufer: Die Farb-Illustrierte, No. 18 (1 September 1952).
11. “Erste ‘Flugscheibe’ ﬂog 1945 in Prag,” Welt am Sonntag (25 April 1953), pp.
1, 14.
12. Erich Halik, “Keine Invasion aus dem Weltraum!”Mensch und Schicksal 8, No.
9 (15 July 1954), pp. 3–5.
13. Edgar Sievers, Flying Saucers über Südafrika (Pretoria, South Africa: Sagittarius, 1955), pp. 74–83; “Die UFOs—eine deutsche Erﬁndung,”Das neue Zeitalter(5 October 1957); Rudolf Lusar, “Fliegende Untertassen: Eine deutsche Erﬁndung—von
Deutschen erprobt—in West und Ost weiterentwickelt,”Das neue Zeitalter, No. 9 (1958).
14. Rudolf Lusar, German Secret Weapons of the Second World War and Their
NOTES TO CHAPTER 8 329Further Development (London: Neville Spearman, 1959), pp. 165–66; also the German
edition Die deutschen Waffen und Geheimwaffen des 2. Weltkrieges und ihre Weiterentwicklung (Munich: J. F. Lehmann, 1966).
15. Renato Vesco,Intercept UFO(New York: Pinnacle, 1974), pp. 134–62. First published as Intercettateli Senza Sparare(Milan: E. Mursia, 1968).
16. Vesco,Intercept UFO, pp. 90–110. The wartime underground factories are extensively documented in Harald Fäth, 1945—Thüringens Manhattan Projekt: Auf
Spurensuche nach der verlorenen V-Waffenfabrik in Deutschlands Untergrund (Suhl, Germany: CTT-Verlag, 1998), and Ulrich Brenzel,Hitlers Geheimobjekte in Thüringen(Suhl,
Germany: Heinrich Jung, 1999).
17. Michael X. [Barton],We Want You: Is Hitler Alive?(Clarksburg, W.Va.: Saucerian Books, 1969), pp. 10–12, 13–16.
18. Michael X. Barton,The German Saucer Story (Los Angeles: Futura Press, 1968),
pp. 32–49, 53. Barton received the designs of two Schriever-Habermohl ﬂying disks and
the larger Bellonzo-Schriever-Miethe ﬂying disk from a German engineer, Hermann
Klaas, who had allegedly tested disk models as early as 1941. The illustrations and captions had already been published in an interview with Hermann Klaas by Jan Holger,
“UFOs gibt es nicht! Wohl aber: Flugscheiben am laufenden Band!”Das neue Zeitalter,
No. 34 (20 August 1966), p. 4.
19. Wilhelm Landig,Götzen gegen Thule(Hanover: Hans Pfeiffer, 1971), pp. 110,
114–26, 131–33, 141.
20. Landig,Götzen gegen Thule, pp. 190–200.
21. Further biographical details of Ernst Zündel and his several Holocaust denial
trials may be found in Michael A. Hoffman II, The Great Holocaust Trial (Torrance,
Calif.: Institute for Historical Review, 1985); Robert Lenski,The Holocaust on Trial: The
Case of Ernst Zundel(Decatur, Ala.: Reporter Press, 1989).
22. Erich von Däniken,Chariots of the Gods? Unsolved Mysteries of the Past(London: Souvenir, 1969); idem, Return to the Stars: Evidence for the Impossible (London:
Souvenir, 1970); idem,The Gold of the Gods(London: Souvenir, 1973); idem,In Search
of Ancient Gods: My Pictorial Evidence for the Impossible(London: Souvenir, 1973); W.
Raymond Drake,Spacemen in the Ancient East(London: Neville Spearman, 1968); idem,
Gods and Spacemen in the Ancient West(London: Sphere, 1974); idem,Gods and Spacemen in Ancient Israel(London: Sphere, 1976); Robert Charroux,Legacy of the Gods(London: Sphere, 1979) [ﬁrst published as Le livre des secrets trahis (Paris: Laffont, 1965)];
idem,Masters of the World (London: Sphere, 1979) [ﬁrst published as Le livre des maîtres
de monde (Paris: Laffont, 1967)]; idem, The Mysterious Unknown (London: Neville
Spearman, 1972) [ﬁrst published as Le livre du mystérieux inconnu (Paris: Laffont,
1969)]; idem, Lost Worlds: Scientiﬁc Secrets of the Ancients (London: Souvenir, 1973)
[ﬁrst published as Le livre des mondes oubliés(Paris: Laffont, 1971)]; idem,The Mysterious Past(London: Futura, 1974) [ﬁrst published as Le livre du passé mystériux (Paris: Laffont, 1973)]. The books of Robert Charroux were also an important source for Miguel
Serrano (see chapter 9).
23. John A. Saliba, “Religious Dimensions of UFO Phenomena,” and J. Gordon
330 NOTES TO CHAPTER 8Melton and George M. Eberhart, “The Flying Saucer Contactee Movement, 1950–1994:
A Bibliography,” in The Gods Have Landed: New Religions from Other Worlds, edited by
James R. Lewis (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995), pp. 15–64, 251–332.
24. Willibald Mattern, UFOs: Unbekanntes Flugobjekt? Letzte Geheimwaffe des
Dritten Reiches (Toronto: Samisdat, [1974]), pp. 23–25, 43–47; Willibald Mattern and
Christof Friedrich [i.e., Ernst Zündel], UFOs: Nazi Secret Weapon?(Toronto: Samisdat,
[1975]), p. 15, 29, 52–61.
25. Mattern, UFOs: Unbekanntes Flugobjekt?, pp. 23–24, 50–51, 82–88; Willibald
Mattern and Christof Friedrich,UFOs: Nazi Secret Weapon?, pp. 42, 48, 66–76.
26. A full account and photographs of the German Antarctic Expedition of
1938–39 was published by Ernst Hermann,Deutsche Forscher im Südpolarmeer: Bericht
von der Deutschen Antarktischen Expedition 1938–1939 (Berlin: Safari-Verlag, 1941). A
reprint of the report is included in Ernst Zündel,Hitler am Südpol?(Toronto: Samisdat,
[1979]), pp. 66–159. A brief account also appeared in Mattern and Friedrich,UFOs: Nazi
Secret Weapon?, pp. 87–92.
27. Ernst Zündel,Hitler am Südpol?pp. 160–74; a map of Neuschwabenland showing detailed features, pp. 62–63. Numerous illustrations of Nazi ﬂying saucers, including
the Schauberger, Schriever and Miethe disks, appear in Mattern and Friedrich, UFOs:
Nazi Secret Weapon? pp. 116–29.
28. Mattern and Friedrich,UFOs: Nazi Secret Weapon? pp. 96.
29. Mattern, UFOs: Unbekanntes Flugobjekt? pp. 110–20; Mattern and Friedrich,
UFOs: Nazi Secret Weapon? pp. 95–100. Lee Van Atta quoted Byrd to the effect that “the
United States must take defensive measures against the possibility of invasion by hostile
aircraft coming from the polar region.” He also spoke of “a future war in which the
United States could be attacked by pilots capable of ﬂying from one pole to the other”;
El Mercurio, 5 March 1947.
30. Mattern,UFOs: Unbekanntes Flugobjekt? pp. 148–49.
31. Mattern and Friedrich,UFOs: Nazi Secret Weapon? pp. 143–46. Schmidt’s alien
abduction experience took place in Kearney, Nebraska, in November 1957. Reinhold O.
Schmidt,The Kearney Incident and to the Arctic Circle in a Spacecraft(Kearney: Author,
1959).
32. Wilhelm Landig, Wolfszeit um Thule (Vienna: Volkstum-Verlag, 1980), pp.
21–22, 26–29, 32–33, 37, 42.
33. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 51–53.
34. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 61–63.
35. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 77–80, 93, 173.
36. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 167–68, 171–76, 247, 258, 268–70.
37. Landig,Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 168, 187–89.
38. Landig, Wolfszeit um Thule, pp. 176, 191–96. The appendix includes detailed
maps of Neuschwabenland and also the most detailed technical drawings to date of the
V-7 German ﬂying saucer; ibid., pp. 486–93.
39. See, only for example, the comprehensive study by Jacques Vallee,Anatomy of
a Phenomenon (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1965), and list of UFO landings in Jacques
NOTES TO CHAPTER 8 331Vallee, Passport to Magonia: On UFOs, Folklore, and Parallel Worlds (Chicago: Henry
Regnery, 1969).
40. Harbinson’s inspiration was a one-off newsletter Brisant distributed at a scientic exhibition at Hanover. Its articles used material from Zündel’s books presented in a
more scientiﬁc vein. “Neu Schwabenland” and “UFOs kommen nicht aus dem All!”
Brisant, No. 5 (1978), pp. 6–7, 9–11. The second article identiﬁed three principal UFO
world ﬂight routes, all emanating from Antarctica, on the basis of a quarter of a million
sightings over the preceding thirty years. This article also included the most detailed
technical drawing of a German ﬂying saucer yet published, later used by Landig in Wolfszeit um Thule(1980), pp. 492–93.
41. W. A. Harbinson,Genesis (London: Corgi, 1980), pp. 57–63, 114–19, 183–89,
257–64, 332–38, 395–402, 460–67, 521–27. Harbinson eventually completed a quintet of
“Projekt Saucer” novels:Inception (1991), Phoenix (1995), Millennium (1995) and Resurrection (1999). He has also published a non-ﬁction study, Projekt UFO: The Case for
Man-Made Flying Saucers(London: Boxtree, 1995).
42. D. H. Haarmann, Geheime Wunderwaffen: Zerrbild zwischen Täuschung und
Tatsachen (Wetter, Germany: Hugin, 1983), pp. 15–30.
43. D. H. Haarmann,Geheime Wunderwaffen: Und sie ﬂiegen doch! (Wetter, Germany: Hugin, 1983), pp. 23–29, 46–48.
44. D. H. Haarmann,Geheime Wunderwaffen: Über den Krieg hinaus!(Wetter, Germany: Hugin, 1985), pp. 46–57, 63f.
45. O. Bergmann,Deutsche Flugscheiben und U-Boote überwachen die Weltmeere, 2
vols. (Wetter, Germany: Hugin, 1988–89), vol. 2, p. 203.
46. Jürgen-Ratthofer and Ralf Ettl,Das Vril-Projekt(Ardagger: Michael Dämbock,
1992), pp. 10–11.
47. Jürgen-Ratthofer and Ettl,Das Vril-Projekt, pp. 12–13, 16–23.
48. Peter Bahn and Heiner Gehring, Der Vril-Mythos: Eine geheimnisvolle Energieform in Esoterik, Technik und Therapie (Düsseldorf: Omega-Verlag, 1997), pp.
91–111. The overlap between Ariosophy and the esoteric “alternative energy” researches
of Karl Schappeller and Frenzolf Schmid is documented in the “Totgeschwiegene
Forscher” issue of Ariosophie: Zeitschrift für Geistes- und Wissenschaftsreform5, No. 9/10
(1930), pp. 203–13. Schmid also linked the ancient wisdom of Atlantis to futuristic energy. Herbert Reichstein, the publisher of this magazine, was the chief promoter of Ariosophy in the interwar period for Lanz von Liebenfels’s group. Nicholas GoodrickClarke,The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and Their Inﬂuence on Nazi Ideology: The Ariosophists of Austria and Germany 1890–1935 (New York: New York
University Press, 1992), pp. 164–76.
49. Jürgen-Ratthofer and Ettl, Das Vril-Projekt, pp. 26, 69. The German scholar
Peter Jensen had already identiﬁed Taurus and Aldebaran as important reference points
in Babylonian cosmology,Das Gilgamesch Epos(Strasburg: K. G. Trübner, 1906).
50. Jürgen-Ratthofer and Ettl,Das Vril-Projekt, p. 69.
51. Jürgen-Ratthofer and Ettl,Das Vril-Projekt, pp. 27–31.
52. These drawings were ﬁrst published in O. Bergmann, Deutsche Flugscheiben
332 NOTES TO CHAPTER 8und U-Boote überwachen die Weltmeere, vol. 1, pp. 62–65. The drawings reached a
mass audience in Jan van Helsing, Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht im 20. Jahrhundert (Meppen, Germany: Ewertverlag, 1993), which had sold over 100,000 copies
by 1998.
53. Jürgen-Ratthofer and Ettl, Das Vril-Projekt, pp. 33–60. The close resemblance
between the Haunebu II and Adamski’s saucer photograph was also highlighted in van
Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht, p. 144.
54. Jürgen-Ratthofer and Ettl,Das Vril-Projekt, pp. 79–82.
55. Jürgen-Ratthofer and Ettl,Das Vril-Projekt, pp. 85–96, 101–6; Norbert JürgenRatthofer,Demnächst “Kampf um die Erde”?!(Vienna: Tempelhof, n.d.), pp. 9–16.
56. UFO—Das Dritte Reich schlägt zurück?(video), written by Ralf Ettl and Norbert Jürgen-Ratthofer, produced by Abraxas, Vienna, copyright Tempelhofgesellschaft,
Vienna, c. 1990.
57. UFO—Geheimnisse des Dritten Reichs(video), written by Ralf Ettl and Norbert
Jürgen-Ratthofer, produced by Royal Atlantis Film, Kirchheim, c. 1992.
58. Norbert Jürgen-Ratthofer, Lichtreiche auf Erden (Siersheim: Author, [1997],
pp. 14f, 28, 36–38. Further publications include Das Vril-Projekt 2 (Ardagger: Michael
Dämbock, 1999), and Der Z-Plan (Ardagger: Michael Dämbock, 1999), a four-volume
novel about “a struggle with weapons and magic in the light of the Black Sun.”
59. Jan van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht im 20. Jahrhundert oder
wie man die Welt nicht regiert: Ein Wegweiser durch die Verstrickungen von Logentum mit
Hochﬁnanz und Politik. Trilaterale Kommission, Bilderberger, CFR, UNO (Meppen, Germany: Ewertverlag, 1993), pp. 118–47.
60. Jan van Helsing, Unternehmen Aldebaran: Kontakte mit Menschen aus einem
anderen Sonnensystem(Gran Canaria: Ewertverlag, 1997), pp. 12, 39ff, 42f.
61. van Helsing,Unternehmen Aldebaran, pp. 272–76.
62. Jim Keith,Casebook on Alternative 3: UFOs, Secret Societies and World Control
(Lilburn, Ga.: IllumiNet Press, 1994), pp. 148–53.
63. Introduction to Secret German Flying Discs of World War Two (Gorman, Calif.:
German Research Project, [1997]), p. 28. Besides photocopies of out-of-print books and
German journal articles, the German Research Project has published a dossier of foreign-language articles in W. A. Harbinson’s Genesis bibliography and The Last Battalion
and German Arctic, Antarctic and Andean Bases (Gorman, Calif.: German Research Project, 1997). See also interview with Henry Stevens: D. Guide, “Saucer Kraut: Inside the
German Research Project,”Paranoia: The Conspiracy Reader, No. 15 (Winter 1996–97),
pp. 40–45.
64. Tim Hepple,At War with Society: The Exclusive Story of a Searchlight Mole Inside Britain’s Far Right(London: Searchlight Magazine, 1993), pp. 1–18.
65. Larry O’Hara and Steve Booth, At War with the Universe: The British X-Files.
How and Why Nazi Thug and State Asset Tim Hepple/Matthews Has Inﬁltrated Ufology
(London: Notes from the Borderland, 1999), pp. 28–33, 40–50.
66. Tim Matthews,UFO Revelation: The Secret Technology Exposed?(London: Cassel, 1999), pp. 15–20, 21–28, 73–81.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 8 33367. Carl Gustav Jung, “Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the
Skies,” in Civilization in Transition, 2d ed. (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970),
pp. 307–433 (pp. 387, 423f). First published as Ein moderner Mythus: Von Dingen, die am
Himmel gesehen werden (Zurich and Stuttgart: Rascher, 1958).
68. Caroline Tisdall and Angelo Bozzola,Futurism(London: Thames and Hudson,
1977), p. 157. The ﬂying saucer has been described as “the perfect expression of Fascist
ideals: a glittering example of Aryan supremacy and aggressive masculinity” in David
Sivier, “Gazurmah’s Sons: The Psychopathology of the Nazi Saucer Myth,”Magonia, No.
63 (May 1998), pp. 11–14 (p. 14).
69. Karl-Heinz Bohrer, Die Ästhetik des Schreckens: Die pessimistische Romantik
und Ernst Jüngers Frühwerk (Munich: Hanser, 1978).
NOTES TO CHAPTER 9
1. Friedrich Paul Heller and Anton Maegerle, Thule: Vom völkischen Okkultismus
bis zur Neuen Rechten (Stuttgart: Schmetterling Verlag, 1995), pp. 89–92.
2. Biographical details are drawn from the four-volume autobiography. Miguel
Serrano,Memorias de Él y Yo: vol. 1,Aparición del “Yo”—Alejamiento de “Él” (Santiago:
La Nueva Edad, 1996); vol. 2, Adolf Hitler y la Gran Guerra (Santiago: La Nueva Edad,
1997); vol. 3,Misión en los Transhimalaya (Santiago: La Nueva Edad, 1998); vol. 4,El Regreso (Santiago: La Nueva Edad, 1999).
3. Miguel Serrano, Adolf Hitler, el Último Avatãra (Santiago: La Nueva Edad,
[1984]), pp. 24–27.
4. The political history of this period and the background of the Movimento Nacional Socialista in Chile is documented in Robert J. Alexander, The Tragedy of Chile
(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1978).
5. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 29–32, 35–50, 53.
6. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 58–60, 61–65.
7. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 76–79.
8. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 107–8, 111–18, 124–25. The order’s secret Himalayan
headquarters within Mount Kailas, its leadership of seventy-two Brahmans and an exclusive membership of 201 members suggest the inﬂuence of Saint-Yves d’Alveydre, La
Mission de l’Inde en Europe(1910), which described a secret kingdom of Agartha, ruled
over by exalted Brahmans, which was transferred underground at the start of the Kali
Yuga around 3200 b.c. Joscelyn Godwin,“Saint-Yves d’Alveydre and the Agarthian Connection,” The Hermetic Journal 32 (Summer 1986), pp. 24–34, 33 (Autumn 1986), pp.
31–38. Serrano lists four titles by Saint-Yves d’Alveydre, including La Mission de l’Inde
in the bibliography of El Cordón Dorado, p. 242. F. K. received his own initiation in Paris,
which again implies a source of his teachings in the French esoteric underground around
the Theosophists or René Guénon.
9. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, p. 119; Miguel Serrano, El Cordón Dorado: Hitlerismo Esotérico, 3d ed. (Bogota: Editorial Solar, 1985), pp. 18, 20, 22, 27.
10. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 149–51.
334 NOTES TO CHAPTER 811. Serrano,El Cordón Dorado, pp. 37–40. A veiled reference to the purpose of his
Antarctic voyage also appeared in his book, Ni por Mar ni por Tierra (Santiago: Nascimento, 1950), p. 88.
12. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 147, 384.
13. Serrano,The Serpent of Paradise: The Story of an Indian Pilgrimage, 2d ed. (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974), passim;Adolf Hitler, p. 156.
14. Nos contains many cryptic references to his Gnostic cosmology, including
the extraterrestrial origin of the “solar” Hyperborean race, the white gods of South
America, the Black Sun, and wars between those from different worlds. Miguel Serrano, Nos: Book of the Resurrection (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984), pp.
2–5, 26–27, 60–61.
15. C. G. Jung,Man and His Symbols(London: Aldus, 1964), pp. 67–69; C. G. Jung,
Die Psychologie der unbewussten Prozesse(Zurich: Rascher & Cie, 1917), p. 117. In this
latter work, Jung used the term “dominants,” before redeﬁning them as “archetypes” in
“Instinct and the Unconscious,”British Journal of Psychology 10 (1919), 15–26.
16. Carl Gustav Jung, “Wotan,” Neue Schweizer Rundschau 3 (March 1936), pp.
657–69. An English translation is published in Civilization in Transition (The Collected
Works of C. G. Jung, vol. 10), translated by R. F. C. Hull, 2d ed. (London: Routledge and
Kegan Paul, 1970), pp. 179–93.
17. Quoted in Serrano, Adolf Hitler, pp. 119–23. These Jung interviews on Hitler
and the other European dictators were originally published in The Observer(London),
18 October 1936; Hearst’s International-Cosmopolitan (New York), January 1939; and
The Psychologist(London), May 1939. Slightly edited versions were republished as “The
Psychology of Dictatorship,”“Diagnosing the Dictators” and “Jung Diagnoses the Dictators,” inC. G. Jung Speaking: Interviews and Encounters, edited by William McGuire and
R. F. C. Hull (London: Thames and Hudson, 1978), pp. 91–93, 115–35, 136–40.
18. Serrano, El Cordón Dorado, p. 97f; idem, Adolf Hitler, pp. 94–96. However,
Richard Noll has controversially argued that the early Jung, inﬂuenced by Theosophy,
solar mysticism and völkisch nationalism, personally encountered the archetypes as
Aryan-Mithraic and Gnostic gods in his own unconscious. Richard Noll, The Aryan
Christ: The Secret Life of Carl Gustav Jung (London: Macmillan, 1997), pp. 120–22,
158–60. The development of Jung’s early ideas on the collective unconscious and the archetypes are traced in Richard Noll, The Jung Cult: Origins of a Charismatic Movement
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 218–33, 269–73.
19. Serrano, Adolf Hitler, pp. 33f, 95, 122–24, 130–32, 232. Serrano paid frequent
tribute to Savitri Devi and has twice published an account of her own visit to the Externsteine and ritual death and reawakening in the Tomb Rock. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp.
481, 497f, 620. He has described her “as the greatest ﬁghter after Adolf Hitler, Rudolf
Hess and Josef Goebbels . . . the ﬁrst to discover the secret and spiritual power behind
Hitlerism.” He noted her belief in the incompatibility of Nazism and Christianity, predicting that posterity would revere her as a pioneer of Esoteric Hitlerism and “the priestess of Odin.” “Miguel Serrano -TO ANTI6OTO,”TO ANTI6OTO, No. 29, pp. 23–31. Savitri
Devi’s visit to the Externsteine is also described and illustrated in Miguel Serrano, La
NOTES TO CHAPTER 9 335Resurrección del Heroe (Santiago: Author, 1986), p. 79. The latter book is dedicated to
Savitri Devi with a portrait and verse.
20. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 97, 239, 255.
21. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 182–87, 260, 192, 197f.
22. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, p. 256.
23. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 98, 183.
24. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 116, 150, 257.
25. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 197–98.
26. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, p. 265.
27. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, p. 116.
28. Serrano’s account of extraterrestrial visitations of semi-divine ancestors, the
Hyperborean race and its settlement of the polar region and subsequent migrations owe
a certain debt to French writer Robert Charroux (b. 1909), who had published a number of popular works on these subjects from the early 1960s onwards. In Le Livre des secrets trahis(1964) and Le Livre des maîtres du monde(1967), Charroux expands on the
extraterrestrial origin of the Hyperboreans, their eternal emnity with the Jews, the importance of Venus and the Black Sun. With an evident debt to Louis Pauwels and Jacques
Bergier, Le matin des magiciens(1960) and Pierre Mariel, L’Europe païenne du vingtième
siècle (1964), Charroux also speculates on the Thule Society and Nazi initiates. In the
bibliography of El Cordón Dorado, Serrano lists many books of this “Nazi Mysteries”
genre that clearly inspired the Hitler Trilogy during his Swiss exile in the 1970s.
29. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 185–87.
30. Serrano, El Cordón Dorado, pp. 53–57, 242. Serrano is strongly inﬂuenced by
the works of the SS historian Otto Rahn (1904–39), who believed the troubadour and
Minnesang traditions, the Cathar heresy and legends of the Grail in the Languedoc were
a Gnostic religion of Visigothic origin. The Cathars were suppressed by the Catholic
church in the Albigensian crusade, culminating in the destruction of their stronghold at
Montségur in 1244. Serrano asserts that Rahn searched for the Grail, the Cathar treasure, in the caves of Sabarthés nearby, and that the SS later located it and brought it to
Hitler’s “Grail Castle” in Berchtesgaden; Adolf Hitler, p. 290. Cf. “Entrevue avec SaintLoup,”Le Nouveau Planète(Paris), No. 9 (July 1969), cit. in El Cordón Dorado, p. 242.
31. Serrano,El Cordón Dorado, p. 139.
32. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 92f.
33. Serrano,El Cordón Dorado, pp. 128–32; idem,Adolf Hitler, p. 88.
34. Serrano,El Cordón Dorado, p. 138f;Adolf Hitler, pp. 102.
35. Serrano,El Cordón Dorado, p. 133.
36. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, p. 290.
37. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 309–18.
38. Serrano, Adolf Hitler, pp. 291–93, 299–300, 342–49, 382f, 402–4. For his account of pre-Columbian immigration to the Americas, Serrano is indebted to the French
anthropologist Jacques de Mahieu, who lived in Argentina. The De Mahieu titles include
Le grand voyage du Dieu-Soleil(Paris: Lattes, 1971);L’agonie du Dieu-Soleil: Les Vikings en
Amérique du Sud(Paris: Laffont, 1974);Les Templiers en Amérique(Paris: Laffont, 1981).
336 NOTES TO CHAPTER 939. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, p. 20; idem,El Cordón Dorado, p. 96.
40. Jacques de Mahieu, Des Sonnengottes grosse Reise: Die Wikinger in Mexiko und
Peru 967–1532 (Tübingen: Grabert, 1975), pp. 86–106.
41. Jacques de Mahieu, Des Sonnengottes heilige Steine: Die Wikinger in Brasilien
(Tübingen: Grabert, 1975), pp. 76–85 and passim.
42. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 305, 308f.
43. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 336–42.
44. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, p. 340.
45. The sources, motivation, reception and inﬂuence of the Protocolshave been de-
ﬁnitively documented in Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide: The Myth of the Jewish
World-Conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1967).
46. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 76–81.
47. Serrano,El Cordón Dorado, plates xl–xliv.
48. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, p. 82; Norman Cohn,Warrant for Genocide, p. 70.
49. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, p. 327f.
50. Sir John Retcliffe [i.e., Hermann Goedsche],Biarritz(Berlin, 1868), vol. 1, pp.
162–93. Quoted in Miguel Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 329–35.
51. Cohn,Warrant for Genocide, p. 36.
52. Cohn,Warrant for Genocide, pp. 33–40, 269–74.
53. The discovery of the Protocols’ close similarity to Joly’s Dialogue aux Enferswas
ﬁrst made in 1921. Cohn, Warrant for Genocide, pp. 71–76. Serrano, Adolf Hitler, pp.
335–36.
54. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 71–74, 93–96. Serrano’s whole philosophy of Hyperborean origin and anti-modernity has many Evolian characteristics. However, he criticized Evola as an old-style traditionalist who wanted to restore degenerate aristocratic
elites. At their meeting, Evola denied he was a fascist or Hitlerist, but saw Metternich as
a conservative ideal, a far cry from Serrano’s cult of Hitler and magical Manichaeism.
55. Serrano,El Cordón Dorado, pp. 165–69, 223–24.
56. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, p. 95.
57. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, p. 238.
58. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 602, 615.
59. Serrano, Adolf Hitler, pp. 489–96, 502–3, 536–37, 587; El Cordón Dorado, pp.
204–5.
60. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 145–46.
61. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 210, 243, 254, 281.
62. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 200, 238.
63. Serrano,Adolf Hitler, pp. 498–503, 604–5.
64. Javier Nicolás, “Miguel Serrano: Una visión mágica del NS,” Cedade
(Barcelona), July–August 1985, pp. 28–33.
65. La Segunda (Santiago de Chile), 18 May 1984, pp. 14–15.
66. Miguel Serrano, Nacionalsocialismo, Unica Solución para los Países de América
del Sur(Santiago: Alfabeta, 1986); 2d ed. (Bogota: Editorial Solar, 1987).
NOTES TO CHAPTER 9 33767. “Miguel Serrano -TO ANTI6OTO,” TO ANTI6OTO, No. 29, pp. 23–31. The TO
ANTI6OTO interview was reprinted in The Flaming Sword (Wellington, New Zealand),
No. 3 (August 1994), pp. 5–9. A further interview has been published as“Miguel Serrano:
‘Esoteric Hitlerist,’”The Flaming Sword, No. 4 (November 1994), pp. 4–8, and No. 5 (February 1995), pp. 4–10. The latter interview was reprinted as a booklet in 1995.
68. Miguel Serrano,Imitacion de la Verdad: La ciberpolitica. Internet, realidad virtual, telepresencia (Santiago: Author, 1995).
NOTES TO CHAPTER 10
1. White Noise: Inside the International Nazi Skinhead Scene, edited by Nick Lowles
and Steve Silver (London: Searchlight, 1998), pp. 1–8.
2. Searchlight, No. 144 (June 1987), p. 3; Searchlight, No. 151 (January 1988), p. 14;
Searchlight, No. 152 (February 1988), p. 3.
3. Lyrics from the records Skrewdriver, Freedom? What Freedom? (Rock-A-Rama
Records: Cologne, [1990]), and Ian Stuart, Patriotic Ballads II(Rock-A-Rama Records:
Cologne, [1992]).
4. White Noise, edited by Nick Lowles and Steve Silver, pp. 28–30.
5. “Shut down the peddlers of hate,”Searchlight, No. 256 (October 1996), pp. 7–18
(p. 10).
6. Searchlight, No. 256 (October 1996), p. 13.
7. Quoted in Der Spiegel, 6 April 1992, p. 29.
8. Christopher T. Husbands,“Militant Neo-Nazism in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1990s,” in The Far Right in Western and Eastern Europe, edited by Luciano
Cheles, Ronnie Ferguson and Michalina Vaughan, 2d ed. (London and New York: Longman, 1995), pp. 327–53 (pp. 343–45).
9. Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz, Annual Reports 1991, 1992, 1993, quoted in
Husbands, “Militant Neo-Nazism,” p. 331.
10. Husbands, “Militant Neo-Nazism,” pp. 329, 343.
11. “‘Die Seele des Volkes verbogen,’”Der Spiegel, 30 November 1992, pp. 14–25.
12. “Bestie aus deutschem Blut” [Die Nazi-Kids: Was Kinder in den Terror treibt],
Der Spiegel, 7 December 1992, pp. 22–33.
13. Searchlight, No. 152 (February 1988), p. 5; Searchlight, No. 189 (March 1991),
pp. 13–14.
14. Freedom Videos, List No. 9, [1996], pp. 16–17.
15. Searchlight, No. 256 (October 1996), p. 12.
16. Searchlight, No. 256 (October 1996), p. 12.
17. Freedom Videos, p. 16.
18. Young Nazi Killers: The Rising Skinhead Danger(Anti-Defamation League Special Report, 1993), pp. 1, 3.
19. “An Interview with George Eric Hawthorne,” The Nexus, No. 3 (March
1996), pp. 2–7; George Eric Hawthorne, “Reasons for Hope,”Resistance, No. 7 (Summer 1996), p. 4.
338 NOTES TO CHAPTER 920. Thomas Jackson,“What Is Racism?” and Robert Thompson,“Genocide against
the White Race,”Resistance, No. 5 (Fall 1995), pp. 6–8, 42–44; David Duke, “Racial Realities: My India Odyssey,”Resistance, No. 5 (Fall 1995), pp. 20–24; Sleipner, “Spotlight on
Sweden,” Resistance, No. 2 (Summer 1994), p. 22; Frank Silva, “Hail the Order,” Resistance, No. 7 (Summer 1996), pp. 34–37.
21. George Eric Hawthorne, “A Cultural Imperative,”Resistance, No. 5 (Fall 1995),
p. 4; “RAHOWA: resurrecting the spirit of ancient Europe,”Resistance, No. 5 (Fall 1995),
pp. 26–27, 36.
22. Joseph Carl, “Jack London: An American Racialist,” Resistance, No. 6 (Spring
1996), pp. 20–24; Ron McVan,“Charles A. Lindbergh: Making of a Hero,”Resistance, No.
7 (Summer 1996), pp. 42–46; Kees van Rijn, “The Story of a Waffen SS Soldier,”Resistance, No. 7 (Summer 1996), pp. 24–32.
23. “A People without Vision,”Resistance, No. 2 (Summer 1994), p. 27.
24. Friedrich Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols and The Anti-Christ, edited by R. J.
Hollingdale (Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1968), pp. 115–87.
25. Ragnar Redbeard’s identity remains a mystery to this day. However, one
editor has suggested that he was the New Zealand poet and radical politician,
Arthur Desmond (1842?–1927?), who later lived in Sydney, London and Chicago. S.
E. Parker, “Ragnar Redbeard and the Right of Might,” in Ragnar Redbeard, Might
Is Right; or The survival of the ﬁttest (Port Townsend, Wash.: Loompanics, 1984),
pp. i–vi.
26. Redbeard,Might Is Right, pp. 22f.
27. Aaron Garland, “RAHOWA: Heeding the Call of a Cultural Imperative,”Ohm
Clock Magazine, No. 4 (Spring 1996), pp. 4–8.
28. Redbeard, “The Logic of To-Day,”Might Is Right, pp. 150–52.
29. Gavin Baddeley, Lucifer Rising: Sin, Devil Worship and Rock ‘n’ Roll (London:
Plexus, 1999), pp. 123–26.
30. Baddeley, Lucifer Rising, pp. 191–93.
31. Hofding Warge and Wiking Herske,“A Blaze in the Northern Sky,”The Heretic,
No. 10 (October 1994), pp. 1–3. For further background on Varg Víkernes and Burzum,
see Kadmon,Oskorei,Aorta, No. 20 (1995). The story of Víkernes, Euronymous and the
black metal scene in Norway is documented in detail by Michael Moynihan and Didrik
Søderlind, Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground (Venice,
Calif.: Feral House, 1998).
32. Vargr Víkurnes Lárusson,“Draupnir (Odhinn’s Ring),”“Wotan Mit Uns,”“The
Quintessence,”“Hamingja,” and “Seidhr ok Galdr,”Filosofem1, Nos. 1–4 (1994), pp. 3, 4,
6–7, 8, 9.
33. Moynihan and Søderlind, Lords of Chaos, pp. 157–59, 162–66.
34. “Spear of Longinus—Interview,”Key of Alocer, No. 4, pp. 4–8; Wulf Grimwald,
“Satanism and Nazism,”Key of Alocer, No. 4, pp. 34–36; David Myatt, “The Harmony of
National-Socialism” and “What Is Aryan?”Key of Alocer, No. 6, pp. 10–11, 16–17; Scorpius,“Magik against Democracy,”Key of Alocer, No. 6, pp. 14–15; “The Dutch SS,”Trumpeter of Evil, No. 1 (1996), pp. [11–13].
NOTES TO CHAPTER 10 33935. Stephen O. Malley, “Nordic Darkness . . . ,” Resistance, No. 5 (Fall 1995), pp.
28–30.
36. “The Thousand Swords of Graveland,” Resistance, No. 7 (Summer 1996), pp.
52–55.
37. The background of the murder and the inspiration of the band Absurd are documented in Liane von Billerbeck and Frank Nordhausen, Satanskinder: Der Mordfall
Sandro B.(Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag, 1994). See also the chapter “Furor Teutonicus” and
the Möbus interview in Moynihan and Søderlind, Lords of Chaos, pp. 241–66.
38. Devin Burghart and Justin Massa, “Nazi Black Metal Leader Arrested in the
US,”Searchlight, No. 304 (October 2000), pp. 12–13.
39. “Black Circle,”Searchlight, No. 288 (June 1999), pp. 14–15.
40. “Antihuman: Misanthropy Records,” Searchlight, No. 288 (June 1999), pp.
16–17.
41. Kadmon,Blood Axis,Aorta, No. 19 (1995), pp. [21–26]; “Blood Axis: An interview with Michael Moynihan,”The Heretic, No. 10 (October 1994), pp. 21–26.
42. Siege: The Collected Writings of James Mason, edited and introduced by Michael
M. Jenkins [i.e., Moynihan] (Denver: Storm Books, 1992), passim, especially chapter 1
(pp. 1–80).
43. Michael Moynihan, “Charles Manson,”Seconds, No. 32 (1995), pp. 64–74.
44. Michael Moynihan,“Aurora: Where Light Becomes Darkness and Evil Is Good:
An Esoteric Inquiry into Hermann Hesse’s Demian, Gnosticism, Fascism, and the IndoEuropean World-View,”Filosofem1, Nos. 1–4 (1994), pp. 18–22, since reprinted in Ohm
Clock, No. 4 (Spring 1996), pp. 16–18; idem, “Dionysos-Dithyramben: The Faustian
Spirit of Fascism from Oswald Spengler to Oswald Mosley,”Filofosem1, Nos. 1–4 (1994),
pp. 40–47; idem, “Of Wolves and Death: An Investigation of the Wolf’s Hook,”Filosofem
2, Nos. 1–4 (1995), pp. 31–35.
45. For a detailed examination of both Lords of Chaos and Michael Moynihan, see
Kevin Coogan, “How ‘Black’ is Black Metal? Michael Moynihan, Lords of Chaos and the
‘Countercultural Fascist’ Underground,”Hit List, Vol. 1, No. 1 (February/March 1999),
pp. 32–49, and the interview with Michael Moynihan in ibid., pp. 50–53. See also an exchange between Feral House publisher Adam Parfrey and Kevin Coogan in Hit List, Vol.
1, No. 3 (June/July 1999), pp. 5–7. For Moynihan’s reaction to Coogan’s article, see his
interview,“Michael Moynihan: From Abraxas to Nietzsche,”Eye, No. 23 (September/October 1999), pp. 27–35. Coogan’s response appears in Hit List, Vol. 1, No. 4 (September/October 1999), pp. 10–12. For an article distancing Michael Moynihan from neoNazism, see Zach Dundas, “Lord of Chaos,”Williamett Week, Vol. 26, No. 41 (16 August
2000), pp. 24–32.
46. The Aorta tract series (1994–95) comprises the following titles: No. 1, Lucifer
Rising; No. 2,Konnersreuth; No. 3,Calanda; No. 4,Anubis(Joseph Beuys); No. 5,Rudolf
Schwarzkogler; No. 6,Karl Maria Wiligut; No. 7,Katharsis(Otto Rahn); No. 8,Castel del
Monte; No. 9, Corneliu Codreanu; No. 10, The Blue Light (Leni Riefenstahl); No. 11,
Montségur; No. 12, Medicine of Metals (Z’ev); No. 13, Storm Songs (the magical war of
English witches in August 1940); No. 14,Blood Lamp (the pagan cult in Munich around
340 NOTES TO CHAPTER 101900); No. 15,Leonora Carrington; No. 16,Angizia; No. 17,Fidus(the theosophic and ariosophic painter and temple artist); No. 18,Mithras; No. 19,Blood Axis; No. 20,Oskorei
(Vargr Víkernes). The Ahnstern series (1996–) includes No. 1,Viktor Schauberger; No. 2,
Lucifer Rising II; No. 3,Baptism of Fire(Ernst Jünger); No. 4,Hidden World; No. 5,Heathen Homeland; No. 7, Field of Force; No. 8, Feathered Dreams; No. 9,The Flying Disks of
Joseph Andreas Epp.
47. Review of “Walked in Line/Ernting,”The Flaming Sword, No. 3 (August 1994),
p. 19; the booklet accompanying the CD, The Gospel of Inhumanity, features a photograph of Marienkamp-Szt. Balázs, Lanz’s ONT temple in Hungary; Storm ﬂyer.
48. Reports in The Times, 22 April 1999, and The Daily Telegraph, 22 April 1999; “A
Clique within a Clique, Obsessed with Guns, Death and Hitler,”The Guardian, 22 April
1999, p. 3. See also Niall Ferguson, “The Birthday Boys,” Sunday Telegraph Review, 25
April 1999, pp. 1–2.
49. Reports in Independent on Sunday, 25 February 1996, p. 3, and Daily Mail, 27
February 1996, pp. 1, 6; John Mullin and Martin Walker, “Deadliest of Friends,” The
Guardian, Part 2, 26 February 1996, pp. 1–2; Searchlight, No. 250 (April 1996), p. 3. The
C18 obituary appeared in Putsch (March 1996).
50. Quoted in National Vanguard Books Catalog, No. 19 (June 2000), p. 65.
51. Devin Burghart and Justin Massa, “Nazi Black Metal Leader Arrested in the
US,”Searchlight, No. 304 (October 2000), pp. 12–13.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 11
1. The most complete biography to date of Aleister Crowley is John Symonds,The
King of the Shadow Realm: Aleister Crowley: His Life and Magic (London: Duckworth,
1989). A briefer but reliable study is Francis King,The Magical World of Aleister Crowley
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977).
2. James Webb, The Occult Establishment (La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1976), pp.
494–96.
3. Gerald Suster,Hitler and the Age of Horus(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1981).
4. Two biographies of Anton Szandor LaVey provide details of his varied career
and a stylized account of the Church of Satan. Burton H. Wolfe, The Devil’s Avenger: A
Biography of Anton Szandor LaVey (New York: Pyramid, 1974), and Blanche Barton,The
Secret Life of a Satanist: The Authorized Biography of Anton LaVey (Los Angeles: Feral
House, 1990). For the best scholarly history of the Church of Satan, see Massimo Introvigne,Il cappello del mago: I nuovi movimenti magici dallo spiritismo al satanismo (Carnago: Sugarco Edizioni, 1990), pp. 386–94, and Indagine sul satanismo: Satanisti e antisatanisti dal Seicento ai nostri giorni(Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori, 1994), pp. 265–91.
5. Anton Szandor LaVey, The Satanic Bible (New York: Avon Books, 1969), pp.
25–35.
6. Anton Szandor LaVey, The Satanic Rituals (New York: Avon Books, 1972), pp.
106–30.
7. Introvigne,Indagine sul satanismo, pp. 311–20.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 11 3418. Anton Long [i.e., David Myatt],Diablerie: Revelations of a Satanist(Shrewsbury,
U.K.: Thormynd Press, 1991), [pp. 8–9].
9. David Myatt,Cosmic Reich: The Life and Thoughts of David Myatt(Paraparaumu
Beach, New Zealand: Renaissance Press, 1995), p. 1.
10. Long,Diablerie, [p. 10].
11. “David Myatt and the Occult-Fascist Axis,”Searchlight, No. 241 (July 1995), pp.
6–7.
12. Long,Diablerie, [pp. 16f, 27].
13. “An Interview with Christos Beest,”The Heretic, No. 8 (April 1994), pp. 11–18
(p. 11).
14. ONA, “Satanism, Blasphemy and the Black Mass” (1974), reprinted in The
Heretic, No. 9 (July 1994), pp. 25–27.
15. “Diabolic Etymology” in Hostia: Secret Teachings of the O.N.A., 3 vols. (Shrewsbury, U.K.: Thormynd Press, 1992), vol. 1, p. 29.
16. “Satanism—The Sinister Shadow, Revealed” and “A Gift for the Prince—A
Guide to Human Sacriﬁce,” in Hostia, vol. 1, pp. 14–16 and 51–52; “Satanism, Sacriﬁce
and Crime: The Satanic Truth” and “Guidelines for the Testing of Opfers,” in Hysteron
Proteron: The Inner Teachings of the O.N.A.(Shrewsbury, U.K.: Thormynd Press, 1992),
pp. 9–11, 14–15.
17. Stephen Brown [i.e., David Myatt], The Satanic Letters of Stephen Brown
(Shrewsbury, U.K.: Thormynd Press, 1992), pp. 11–17.
18. “The Seven-Fold Way: A Comprehensive Guide,” in Hostia, vol. 1, pp. 7–9.
19. “Hangster’s Gate,” in Hostia, vol. 1, pp. 76–77, and “Black Rhadley,” in Fenrir 4,
No. 1 (July 1996), p. 3.
20. “Aeons and Their Associated Civilizations,” in Hostia, vol. 1, pp. 106–7.
21. “Aeonics and Heresy” and “The Nazarene/Magian Ethos,” in Hostia, vol. 1,
111–12, 113–15.
22. David Myatt,Vindex: The Destiny of the West(Reedy, W.Va.: Liberty Bell Publications, 1984), pp. 10–12.
23. Myatt, Vindex, pp. 17–18; “Aeonic Magick—General Notes,” “Aeonics: Secret
Tradition I” and “Aeonics: Secret Tradition II,” in Hostia, vol. 1, pp. 107–8, 118–22,
109–10.
24. “Aeonics: Secret Tradition II,” in Hostia, vol. 1, p. 110; “The Nazarene/Magian
Ethos,” in ibid., vol. 1, p. 114.
25. “An Interview with David Myatt,” in Cosmic Reich: The Life and Thoughts of
David Myatt, pp. 1–9 (p. 3).
26. For biographical details, see Long, Diablerie. A sanitized account is given in
David Myatt, “A Political Re-awakening,” Spearhead, No. 307 (September 1994), pp.
12–14.
27. Searchlight, No. 104 (February 1984), pp. 4–5, and No. 106 (April 1984), p. 6.
28. The titles of the series are as follows:
I National-Socialism: Principles and Ideals(Shrewsbury, 1993)
II The Truth about National-Socialism and Adolf Hitler(Shrewsbury, 1994)
342 NOTES TO CHAPTER 11III Honour, Loyalty and Duty: an Introduction to National-Socialism(Shrewsbury, 1994)
IV The Nobility of National-Socialism(Shrewsbury, 1994)
V The Wisdom of National-Socialism(Shrewsbury, 1994)
VI The Galactic Empire: National-Socialism and the Conquest of the Final
Frontier(Shrewsbury, 1994)
VII The Numinosity of National-Socialism(Hereford, 1995)
VIII The Enlightenment of National-Socialism(Hereford, 1995)
IX The Religion of National-Socialism(Hereford, 1995)
X The Divine Revelation of Adolf Hitler(Hereford, 1995)
XI The Revolutionary Holy War of National-Socialism
XII National-Socialism, Morality and Justice
XIII The AryanWarrior: Brief Guidelines for the National-Socialist Revolutionary
XIV Vision of a Future Golden Age: National-Socialism and the Importance of
Honour
XV Future Reich: National-Socialism, Order and the Triumph of Individual Will
29. David Myatt, “The Galactic Empire and the Triumph of National-Socialism,”
in Cosmic Reich: The Life and Thoughts of David Myatt, pp. 20–24. David Myatt, “The
Galactic Empire,” in The Black Order: An Introduction for Prospective Members(Paraparaumu Beach, New Zealand: Renaissance Press, 1995), pp. 34–35.
30. The National-Socialist, No. 2 (March–April 1995), pp. 1–8, No. 5 (August–September 1995), pp. 1–4.
31. The National-Socialist, No. 17 (9 November 1996), p. 2.
32. “Reichsfolk—Toward a New Elite,” leaﬂet (York, U.K.: Reichsfolk, 1996).
33. Das Reich, No. 3 (November 1996), pp. 2, 5–7.
34. “Britain in 1995: Watershed on the Far Right,”Searchlight, No. 241 (July 1995),
pp. 2–4, and “David Myatt and the Occult-Fascist Axis,” ibid., pp. 6–7.
35. Western Magick and the Way of the Warrior: An Introduction to The Fraternity of
the Jarls of Bælder(Reading, U.K.: Fraternity Bælder, 1991, 1993).
36. Stephen B. Cox, Spartanus: Sports Warrior Ethos of the New Aeon (Reading:
Coxland Press, 1995), pp. 15–16.
37. “The European Library: A Complete Inventory and Guidance Notes,” No. 6
(Autumn Equinox 1994).
38. “An Interview with Christian Bouchet,”The Nexus, No. 6 (November 1996), pp.
1–6.
39. Sinistra Vivendi (Paraparaumu Beach, New Zealand: Realist Publications,
1995), pp. 1–7.
40. The Black Order: An Introduction for Prospective Members(Paraparaumu Beach,
New Zealand: Renaissance Press, 1995), pp. 1–3; “Black Order: Strategy and Tactics,”The
Flaming Sword, No. 1 (January 1994), p. 14; [Kerry Raymond Bolton], Black Axis: Satanism and Fascism (Paraparaumu Beach, New Zealand: Renaissance Press, 1995), pp.
ii–iii. Lodge news in The Flaming Sword, No. 3 (August 1994), pp. 21–22; No. 4 (November 1994), pp. 10–11; No. 5 (February 1995), pp. 25–26; No. 6 (May 1995), pp. 6–7.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 11 34341. Kerry Raymond Bolton, “The Foundations of the Twenty-First Century,”
Filosofem2 (1995), pp. 40–44.
42. [Kerry Raymond Bolton],Realpolitik: A Satanic Political Science Primer(Paraparaumu Beach, New Zealand: Realist Publications, 1994), pp. 1–14. A further polemic
against “libertarian,” individualist Satanism appears in [Kerry Raymond Bolton], Black
Axis: Satanism and Fascism, pp. 6–20.
43. “Third Way and Third World against the New World Order,”The Nexus, No. 11
(February 1998), pp. 13–15.
44. “National Revolutionary Faction: An Interview with Troy Southgate,” The
Nexus, No. 13 (August 1998), pp. 13–19.
45. “Stalin: A Perspective from the Summit of Realpolitik,”The Nexus, No. 15 (February 1999), pp. 1–4.
46. “Return of the Ksatriya: India Challenges the New World Order,” The
Nexus, No. 13 (August 1998), pp. 1–2; “Malaysia Defies Usurers,” The Nexus, No. 14
(November 1998), pp. 1–2; “Lessons from Kossovo,” The Nexus, No. 18 (November
1999), pp. 7–8.
47. Peter Georgacarakos, “Paganism: An Aryan Science,”Crossing the Abyss, No. 3
(Autumn Equinox 1997), pp. 27–32; idem, “The Valknut as Psychogenesis,”Crossing the
Abyss, No. 4 (Summer 1998), pp. 32–37.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 12
1. Kevin Flynn and Gary Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood: The Chilling Inside
Story of America’s Violent Anti-Government Militia Movement, 2d ed. (New York: Penguin, 1995), pp. 77–78.
2. Quoted in Evening Standard (London), 20 March 1998, p. 25.
3. Betty Dobratz and Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile, “White Power, White Pride!”: The
White Separatist Movement in the United States(New York: Twayne Publishers, 1997), p.
81.
4. Michael Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement, rev. ed. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), pp. 6–11.
5. Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 29–40.
6. John Wilson, Lectures on Our Israelitish Origin, 5th ed. (London: James Nisbet,
1876), pp. 111, 189, 368.
7. Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 38, 126–27.
8. Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 49–54.
9. Lothrop Stoddard, “The Pedigree of Judah,” Forum 75 (March 1926), 324–25,
329–31.
10. Michael Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 140–42, 128–30.
11. H. Ben Judah [pseud.], When?: A Prophetical Novel of the Very Near Future
(Vancouver: British Israel Association of Greater Vancouver, 1944), pp. 77, 88, quoted in
Michael Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 134.
12. C. F. Parker,A Short History of Esau-Edom in Jewry, 2d ed. (London: Covenant
344 NOTES TO CHAPTER 11Publishing Company, 1949), pp. 77, 88, quoted in Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right,
p. 135.
13. Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, p. 135.
14. Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, p. 146.
15. Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 159–70.
16. H. Ben Judah [pseud.], When?: A Prophetical Novel of the Very Near Future
(Vancouver: British Israel Association of Greater Vancouver, 1944), pp. 69–71, 73–74.
17. Conrad Gaard,Spotlight on the Great Conspiracy (Steilacoon: Wash.: Destiny of
America Foundation, n.d.), pp. 1, 4.
18. William Potter Gale,“The Faith of Our Fathers” (January 1974), p. 2, quoted in
Michael Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 181–82.
19. Wesley Swift,Testimony of Tradition and the Origin of Races(Hollywood, Calif.:
New Christian Crusade Church, n.d.), pp. 9–10, 13, 19, 25, 29 and “Who Are the Jews,”
Christian Vanguard No. 64 (April 1977), pp. 9–10, quoted in Michael Barkun, Religion
and the Racist Right, pp. 183–84.
20. Revelation 17:4–5.
21. Wesley Swift,“With Violence Shall Babylon Be Cast Down,”Christian Vanguard
No. 86 (February 1979), pp. 5–6, quoted in Michael Barkun, Religion and the Racist
Right, p. 185.
22. Butler is quoted in James Aho,The Politics of Righteousness: Idaho Christian Patriotism(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990), p. 55.
23. Kevin Flynn and Gary Gerhardt,The Silent Brotherhood, pp. 65–67.
24. Frederick J. Simonelli, American Fuehrer: George Lincoln Rockwell and the
American Nazi Party (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1999), pp.
116–17, 120.
25. Robert G. Butler,“This is Aryan Nations” (Hayden Lake, Idaho: Church of Jesus
Christ Christian, [1980s]).
26. Richard G. Butler, “Twelve Foundation Stones to Establish a State for Our
Aryan Racial Nation” (Hayden Lake, Idaho: Aryan Nations [1980s]) and “Aryan Nations
Theopolitical Platform” (Hayden Lake, Idaho: Aryan Nations [1980s]).
27. Michael Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 213–17.
28. Bernard Comparet, “Russia in Bible Prophecy,” Christian Vanguard No. 123
(March 1982), quoted in Michael Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 108–10.
29. Kevin Flynn and Gary Gerhardt,The Silent Brotherhoodoffers an extensive narrative account of The Order, its members and operations.
30. Michael Barkun,Religion and the Racist Right, pp. 228–33.
31. Kevin Flynn and Gary Gerhardt,The Silent Brotherhood, pp. 422–23.
32. Jeffrey Kaplan, Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the
Far Right to the Children of Noah (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1997), pp. 62–63;
Kevin Flynn and Gary Gerhardt,The Silent Brotherhood, pp. 429–30.
33. Jack B. Moore,Skinheads Shaved for Battle: A Cultural History of American Skinheads(Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1993), p. 104.
34. Associated Press report by Nicholas K. Geranios, Spokane, 24 October 2000.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 12 34535. “The Church of the Creator: Creed of Hate” (New York: Anti-Defamation
League, 1993); Leonard Zeskind, “Heart of Whiteness,” Searchlight, No. 290 (August
1999), pp. 6–7.
36. Ben Klassen,Against the Evil Tide: An Autobiography (Otto, N.C.: Church of the
Creator, 1991), pp. 4f, 13f, 24–32, 42–59, 96–98, 147–59.
37. Klassen,Against the Evil Tide, pp. 293–94.
38. Klassen,Against the Evil Tide, pp. 295–99, 305–7, 323–39, 362–68.
39. Klassen,Against the Evil Tide, pp. 376–78.
40. Fort Lauderdale News, 18 November 1970, quoted in The Klassen Letters Volume
One, 1969–1976 (Otto, N.C.: Church of the Creator, 1988), p. 34.
41. “Nationalist White Party: Our Creed: Fourteen Points,”The Klassen Letters Volume One, 1969–1976, pp. 35–41 (pp. 36–37).
42. Letters to General P.A. Del Valle dated 13 and 26 April 1971, The Klassen Letters Volume One, 1969–1976, pp. 61–66 (p. 66); Ben Klassen, Against the Evil Tide, pp.
392–97.
43. Letters to Eleanor Kramer dated 16 June and 5 August 1971, The
Klassen Letters Volume One, 1969–1976, pp. 68–73; Ben Klassen, Against the Evil
Tide, pp. 408–9.
44. Ben Klassen, Nature’s Eternal Religion (Niceville, Fla.: Church of the Creator,
1973), pp. 4–38.
45. Klassen,Nature’s Eternal Religion, pp. 42–48, 94–95.
46. Klassen, Nature’s Eternal Religion, p. 277; cf. The Klassen Letters Volume One,
1969–1976, p. 202.
47. Klassen,Nature’s Eternal Religion, pp. 50, 296–302.
48. Klassen, Trials, Tribulations and Triumphs(Niceville, Fla.: Church of the Creator, 1993), pp. 226–33.
49. Klassen, Rahowa! This Planet is All Ours (Otto, N.C.: Church of the Creator, 1987).
50. J. Lanz-Liebenfels, Theozoologie oder die Kunde von den Sodoms-Äfﬂingen und
dem Götterelektron (Vienna: Moderner Verlag, [1905]), pp. 158f, quoted in Nicholas
Goodrick-Clarke,The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and Their Inﬂuence on
Nazi Ideology (New York: New York University Press, 1992), pp. 97–98.
51. Matt Hale,“The Growing Mayhem of Decadent America,”The Struggle, No. 26;
“The Insane Teaching of ‘Equality,’” The Struggle, No. 56; “Reclaiming our White Culture,”The Struggle, No. 64.
52. Jeffrey Kaplan, “Right-Wing Violence in North America,” in Terror from the
Extreme Right, edited by Tore Bjørgo (London: Frank Cass, 1995), pp. 44–95; Jeffrey
Kaplan, Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far Right to
the Children of Noah (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1997), pp.
1–10, 32–42, 46–68; Jeffrey Kaplan, “Religiosity and the Radical Right: Towards the
Creation of a New Ethnic Identity,” in Nation and Race: The Developing Euro-American Racist Subculture, edited by Jeffrey Kaplan and Tore Bjørgo (Boston, Mass:
Northeastern University Press, 1998), pp. 102–25.
346 NOTES TO CHAPTER 12NOTES TO CHAPTER 13
1. Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and
Their Inﬂuence on Nazi Ideology: The Ariosophists of Austria and Germany, 1890–1935
(New York: New York University Press, 1992), pp. 39, 49f, 129–30.
2. Alfred Müller,Die neugermanischen Religionsbildungen der Gegenwart: Ihr Werden und Wesen(Bonn: Ludwig Röhrscheid, 1934), pp. 20–25. Two earlier surveys of German neopaganism in the Weimar era are Alfons Steiger,Der neudeutsche Heide im Kampf
gegen Christen und Juden (Berlin: Verlag der “Germania,” 1924), and Erhard Schlund,
Neugermanisches Heidentum im heutigen Deutschland(Munich: Franz A. Pfeiffer, 1924).
3. A full bibliography of völkischwriters on neo-Germanic religion is provided in
Armin Mohler, Die konservative Revolution in Deutschland 1918–1932: Ein Handbuch
(Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1972), pp. 375–88.
4. Müller,Die neugermanischen Religionsbildungen der Gegenwart, pp. 49–51.
5. Carl Gustav Jung, “Wotan,” Neue Schweizer Rundschau 3 (March 1936), pp.
657–69. An English-language version of the article is published in Civilization in Transition (The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, vol. 10), translated by R. F. C. Hull, 2d ed. (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970), pp. 179–93.
6. Mattias Gardell, Gods of the Blood: Race, Ethnicity and the Pagan Revival
(Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, forthcoming). The majority of ensuing references to works by Else Christensen, A. Rud Mills, Wyatt Kaldenberg and Jost Turner are
drawn from the chapter,“Wolf Age Pagans: The Odinist Call of Aryan Revolutionary Paganism,” in Gardell.
7. A. Rud Mills, The Call of Our Ancient Nordic Religion (Melbourne: Author,
1957), pp. 3f.
8. Wyatt Kaldenberg,“A Short History of Odinism in the English Speaking World,”
Pagan Revival, No. 41 (1998), pp. 19–20.
9. Ulick Varange [i.e., Francis Parker Yockey],Imperium: The Philosophy of History
and Politics, 3d ed. (Torrance, Calif.: Noontide Press, 1983), pp. 12, 305f.
10. Varange,Imperium, p. 378.
11. Varange,Imperium, p. 404.
12. Varange,Imperium, pp. 418–28.
13. Varange,Imperium, pp. 535–39.
14. Varange,Imperium, pp. 365f.
15. Christensen’s debt to Yockey is evident from several articles: “Our View of History,”The Odinist, No. 10 (December 1973), p. 1; “The Structure of History,”The Odinist, No. 11 (March 1974), p. 1; and “More Yockey,”The Odinist, No. 12 (June 1974), p. 1.
Mills’s inspiration was documented in “The Wisdom of A. Rud Mills,”The Odinist, No.
65 (1982), p. 1.
16. Varange,Imperium, p. 373; Else Christensen, “Odinism—Religion of the New
Age,”The Odinist, No. 92 (1985).
17. Else Christensen, “Odinism—Religion of Relevance,” The Odinist, No. 82
(1984).
NOTES TO CHAPTER 13 34718. Christensen, “Odinism—Religion of Relevance.”
19. Else Christensen, “The Communitarian Imperative,” The Odinist, No.
68 (1982).
20. Else Christensen, “Neo Tribalism,”The Odinist, No. 43 (1979).
21. Else Christensen, “Racial Consciousness,”The Odinist, No. 83 (1984).
22. Jeffrey Kaplan,Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far
Right to the Children of Noah(Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1997), pp. 17–21.
23. Wyatt Kaldenberg, “A Short History of Odinism in the English Speaking
World,”Pagan Revival, No. 41 (1998), pp. 19–20.
24. Wyatt Kaldenberg, “Aryan Green Man Arise,”WAR (June 1995).
25. Wyatt Kaldenberg, “Beyond Love and Hate,”WAR (December 1998).
26. Wyatt Kaldenberg, undated letter to Brother Jerimy, Pagan Revival, No. 42
(1999), pp. 33–34.
27. Wyatt Kaldenberg, “Karmic Justice: A Pagan View of the Holocaust,” WAR
(March 1996).
28. Wyatt Kaldenberg, undated letter to Brother Gary, Pagan Revival, No. 41
(1998), pp. 47–48.
29. Wyatt Kaldenberg, undated letter to Brother Allen, Pagan Revival, No. 42
(1999), p. 45.
30. Wyatt Kaldenberg, undated letter to Brother D, Pagan Revival, No. 43 (2000),
pp. 12–14.
31. T. Jost, “About the Author,” Aryan Kriya: The Science of Accelerated Evolution
(N. San Juan, Calif.: Author, 1995).
32. Jost, “Aryan Destiny: Back to the Land,” undated e-text distributed by the National Socialist Kindred, quoted in Jeffrey Kaplan and Leonard Weinberg,The Emergence
of a Euro-American Radical Right(New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1998),
pp. 154–56.
33. “Folk and Fatherland: The Only Doctrine of National Socialism” (N. San Juan,
Calif.: National Socialist Kindred, n.d.).
34. Jost, The Essentials of Mein Kampf (Volksberg, Calif.: National Socialist Kindred, 1988), quoted in Kaplan and Weinberg,The Emergence of a Euro-American Radical
Right, p. 157.
35. Jost, “aryan destiny: Why Hitler Had to Be Overcome,” National Socialist
Kindred pamphlet, 1989, and “Love: An Eternal law of Nature and ﬁrst Tenet of National
Socialism,” undated National Socialist Kindred ﬂyer.
36. Jost,Aryan Kriya: The Science of Accelerated Evolution (N. San Juan, Calif.: Author), p. 17f.
37. Jost,Aryan Kriya: The Science of Accelerated Evolution (N. San Juan, Calif.: Author), p. 27f.
38. Jost,Aryan Kriya: The Science of Accelerated Evolution (N. San Juan, Calif.: Author), p. 13.
39. Jost,Aryan Kriya: Guidelines for Aryan Kriya Training (N. San Juan, Calif.: National Socialist Kindred, n.d.).
348 NOTES TO CHAPTER 1340. Jost,Aryan Kriya: The Science of Accelerated Evolution, pp. 8, 10.
41. Jost,Puriﬁcation of Body and Mind (N. San Juan, Calif.: National Socialist Kindred, 1995), p. 13.
42. Jost,Asana Kriya (N. San Juan, Calif.: National Socialist Kindred, 1995), p. 1ff.
43. Jost, Kundalini Pranayama Kriya (N. San Juan, Calif.: National Socialist Kindred, 1995), p. 4.
44. Jost,Kundalini Pranayama Kriya, p. 10.
45. Kaplan and Weinberg,The Emergence of a Euro-American Radical Right, p. 158.
46. David Lane, “Auto-Biographical Portrait of the Life of David Lane and the 14
Word Motto,” in Deceived, Damned & Deﬁant: The Revolutionary Writings of David Lane
(St. Maries, Idaho: 14 Word Press, 1999), pp. 7–15.
47. Kevin Flynn and Gary Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood: The Chilling Inside
Story of America’s Violent Anti-Government Militia Movement, 2d ed. (New York: Penguin, 1995), pp. 116, 178, 258–59.
48. Flynn and Gerhardt,The Silent Brotherhood, p. 466.
49. David Lane, “Statement to the World by the Holy Order of the Bruder
Schweigen,”Calling Our Nation, No. 53 (1987), pp. 11–12, quoted in Michael Barkun,
Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement, rev. ed.
(Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), p. 231.
50. David Lane,“88 Precepts,” in Deceived, Damned & Deﬁant, pp. 83–99 [Precepts
14, 21, 22, 24] (p. 88).
51. David Lane, “Mystery Religions and the Seven Seals,” in Deceived, Damned &
Deﬁant, pp. 51–82.
52. David Lane, “White Genocide Manifesto,” in Deceived, Damned & Deﬁant,
pp. 1–6.
53. Colin Jordan, “Introduction,” in Lane, Deceived, Damned & Deﬁant, pp.
xvii–xxii.
54. Lane, “88 Precepts,” p. 87.
55. David Lane, “Revolution by Number 14,” in Deceived, Damned & Deﬁant, pp.
29–50 (pp. 30, 37f).
56. David Lane, “Now or Never,” Focus Fourteen article reprinted in Deceived,
Damned & Deﬁant, pp. 213–20 (p. 220).
57. Lane, “Revolution by Number 14,” p. 46.
58. David Lane, “Race to Extinction,”Focus Fourteen article reprinted in Deceived,
Damned & Deﬁant, pp. 359–63 (p. 363).
59. Lane, “Mystery Religions and the Seven Seals,” in Deceived, Damned & Deﬁant,
pp. 51–82 (pp. 81–82).
60. Ron McVan, Creed of Iron: Wotansvolk Wisdom (St. Maries, Idaho: 14 Word
Press, 1997), p. 20.
61. McVan,Creed of Iron, p. 29.
62. McVan,Creed of Iron, pp. 52–55.
63. Jung, “Wotan,” pp. 179–93.
64. Letter of Carl Gustav Jung to Miguel Serrano, dated 14 September 1960, in
NOTES TO CHAPTER 13 349Miguel Serrano,C. G. Jung and Hermann Hesse: A Record of Two Friendships, translated
by Frank MacShane (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966), p. 85.
65. Richard Noll, The Jung Cult: Origins of a Charismatic Movement (Princeton,
N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 92–108; Richard Noll,The Aryan Christ: The
Secret Life of Carl Gustav Jung (London: Macmillan, 1997), pp. 114–19, 125–33.
66. Noll,The Aryan Christ, pp. 141–43.
67. McVan,Creed of Iron, pp. 34–37.
68. McVan,Creed of Iron, pp. 154–67.
69. McVan, Temple of Wotan: Holy Book of the Aryan Tribes(St. Maries, Idaho: 14
Word Press, 2000), pp. xv, 174–78.
70. McVan,Creed of Iron, pp. 168–72 (p. 172).
NOTES TO CHAPTER 14
1. The Patriot/militia movement is extensively documented in Richard Abanes,
American Militias: Rebellion, Racism & Religion (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press,
1996).
2. Quoted in Ed Vulliamy, “Cults 2: Militias,”The Observer Magazine(London), 21
May 1995, pp. 20–24 (p. 22).
3. Linda Thompson’s background is described in Richard Abanes,American Militias, pp. 120–22.
4. Jim Keith, Black Helicopters over America: Strikeforce for the New World Order
(Lilburn, Ga.: IllumiNet Press, 1994); Jim Keith,Black Helicopters II: The Endgame Strategy (Lilburn, Ga.: IllumiNet Press, 1998).
5. Jim Keith, OKBomb! Conspiracy and Cover-up (Lilburn, Ga.: IllumiNet Press,
1996), pp. 189–202. For the full account of McVeigh’s ideological motivation, see Lou
Michel and Dan Herbeck,American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City
Bombing (New York: HarperCollins, 2001).
6. For the life, works and inﬂuence of Nesta Webster, see Richard Gilman, Behind
World Revolution: The Strange Career of Nesta H. Webster (Ann Arbor, Mich.: Insights
Books, 1982). Mrs. Webster’s books World Revolution (1921) and Secret Societies and
Subversive Movements(1924) exercised a major inﬂuence on the John Birch Society.
7. J. M. Roberts,The Mythology of the Secret Societies(London: Martin Secker and
Warburg, 1972), pp. 118–30.
8. Roberts,The Mythology of the Secret Societies, pp. 118–30.
9. The modern mythology of the Illuminati in America from the late eighteenth
century to modern conspiracy theories is traced in Seymour Martin Lipset and Earl
Raab, The Politics of Unreason: Right-Wing Extremism in America 1790–1970 (London:
Heinemann, 1971), pp. 35–38, 77–78, 135–36, 161, 180–82, 252–57, 279–82. A more recent study of the mythology is Neal Wilgus,The Illuminoids: Secret Societies and Political
Paranoia (Santa Fe, N.M.: Sun Publishing Company, 1978).
10. Conspiracy-theory magazines abound in the United States. Sample titles includeThe National Reporter(Washington, D.C.),Full Disclosure(Ann Arbor, Michigan),
350 NOTES TO CHAPTER 13Critique: A Journal of Conspiracies and Metaphysics(Santa Rosa, California),Covert Action Information Bulletin (Washington, D.C.) and The Conspiracy Tracker (Paterson,
New Jersey). Many others are devoted to revelations about the assassinations and deaths
of public ﬁgures such as John F. Kennedy and Marilyn Monroe.
11. William Cooper, Behold a Pale Horse(Sedona, Ariz.: Light Technology, 1991),
pp. 6–27.
12. Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, p. 27.
13. Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, p. 39.
14. Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, p. 37.
15. Cooper, Behold a Pale Horse, p. 80. William Cooper’s speculations are derived
from such underground conspiracy classics as William Bramley,The Gods of Eden (San
Jose, Calif.: Dahlin Family Press, 1989); William Guy Carr,Pawns in the Game(Palmdale,
Calif.: Omni Publications, n.d.); Arkon Daraul,A History of Secret Societies(New York:
Citadel Press, 1961); A. Ralph Epperson, The New World Order(Tucson, Ariz.: Publius
Press, 1990).
16. Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, pp. 84–85, 92.
17. Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, pp. 92–94.
18. Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, pp. 110–15.
19. Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, pp. 128–50.
20. Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, pp. 165–76.
21. Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, pp. 115–17.
22. Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, pp. 196–214, 220–35.
23. Ed Vulliamy, “Cults 2: Militias,” p. 22. The UFO and secret government
mythologies surrounding Area 51 are documented in Phil Patton,Travels in Dreamland:
The Secret History of Area 51 (London: Orion, 1997); revised edition as Dreamland: Travels Inside the Secret World of Roswell and Area 51 (New York: Villard, 1998); and David
Darlington, The Dreamland Chronicles: The Legends of Area 51—America’s Most Secret
Military Base(London: Little, Brown, 1998).
24. Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, p. 73.
25. Samuel L. Blumenfeld, “Waco . . . the untold story,”Nexus 2, No. 20 (June–July
1994), pp. 16–19; review, ibid., p. 65.
26. Linda Thompson, “F.E.M.A.,”Nexus 2, No. 18 (February–March 1994), p. 16.
27. The unlikely career claims of Mark Koernke are examined in Abanes,American
Militias, pp. 118–20.
28. Mark Koernke,“Towards the New World Order: America’s Secret Police Force,”
Nexus 2, No. 18 (February–March 1994), pp. 11–15, 64–65.
29. Matthew Kalman and John Murray, “Icke and the Nazis,” Open Eye, No. 3
(1995), p. 7.
30. David Icke,The Robots’ Rebellion: The Story of the Spiritual Renaissance(Bath,
U.K.: Gateway Books, 1994), pp. 195–235.
31. Icke,The Robots’ Rebellion, p. 233.
32. Matthew Kalman and John Murray,“New-age Nazism,”New Statesman and Society, 23 June 1995, pp. 18–20.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 14 35133. “The Australian Connection,”Searchlight, No. 165 (March 1989), p. 3.
34. Jan van Helsing’s book and their success in Germany and Austria are documented at length in Edvard Gugenberger, Franko Petri and Roman Schweidlenka,
Weltverschwörungstheorien: Die neue Gefahr von rechts(Vienna: Franz Deuticke, 1998),
Chapters Eight, Nine and Ten.
35. Jan van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht im 20. Jahrhundert oder
wie man die Welt nicht regiert: Ein Wegweiser durch die Verstrickungen von Logentum mit
Hochﬁnanz und Politik. Trilaterale Kommission, Bilderberger, CFR, UNO (Meppen, Germany: Ewertverlag, 1993), pp. 36, 43–49.
36. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht, pp. 49, 51–57, 65–66.
37. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht, pp. 91–95, 98–102.
38. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht, pp. 104–10.
39. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht, pp. 109, 115–17, 118–47.
40. Jan van Helsing, Geheimgesellschaften 2. Interview mit Jan van Helsing: Die
Verbindungen der Geheimregierung mit dem Dritten Weltkrieg, dem Schwarzen Adel, dem
Club of Rome, AIDS, UFOs, Kaspar Hauser, der reichsdeutschen Dritten Macht, dem
Galileo-Projekt, dem Montauk-Projekt, dem Jesus-Projekt, dem Anti-Christ u.v.m. (Gran
Canaria: Ewertverlag, 1995), pp. 87–95.
41. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht, pp. 153, 155–56.
42. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften 2, pp. 80–86.
43. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht, p. 170.
44. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften 2, pp. 101–15.
45. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften 2, pp. 124–35.
46. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften 2, pp. 142–54.
47. van Helsing, Geheimgesellschaften 2, pp. 164–73; van Helsing, Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht, p. 243.
48. van Helsing, Geheimgesellschaften 2, pp. 173–88. His response on the AIDS
question is a verbatim translation of Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, pp. 165–74.
49. van Helsing, Geheimgesellschaften 2, pp. 257–302. The MAJESTIC-12 report
(pp. 265–302) is taken from Cooper,Behold a Pale Horse, pp. 196–235.
50. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften 2, pp. 232–50.
51. van Helsing,Geheimgesellschaften 2, pp. 250–54.
52. Charles Berlitz and William Moore,The Philadelphia Experiment: Project Invisibility (London: Souvenir Press, 1979), traces this fable to dubious correspondence from
one Carlos Miguel Allende to Dr. Morris Ketchum Jessup in 1955–56.
53. Brad Steiger with Alfred Bielek and Sherry Hanson Steiger, The Philadelphia
Experiment and Other UFO Conspiracies (New Brunswick, N.J.: Inner Light Publications, 1990).
54. Preston B. Nichols with Peter Moon,The Montauk Project: Experiments in Time
(New York: Sky Books, 1992); Preston B. Nichols and Peter Moon, Montauk Revisited:
Adventures in Synchronicity (New York: Sky Books, 1994); Preston B. Nichols and Peter
Moon, Pyramids of Montauk: Explorations in Consciousness (New York: Sky Books,
1995).
352 NOTES TO CHAPTER 1455. Jan van Helsing, Geheimgesellschaften 2, pp. 307–20. Peter Moon, The Black
Sun: Montauk’s Nazi-Tibetan Connection (New York: Sky Books, 1997), pp. 91–96.
56. Don Gamalo and Jan van Helsing, Der Fall Ewert/Van Helsing: Die Beschlagnahme. Dokumentation eines Ermittlungverfahrens(Gran Canaria: Ewertverlag, 1997).
Eduard Gugenberger, Franko Petri and Roman Schweidlenka,Weltverschörungstheorien:
Die neue Gefahr von rechts(Vienna: Franz Deuticke Verlag, 1998), pp. 198–206.
NOTES TO THE CONCLUSION
1. Christian Joppke, Immigration and the Nation-State: The United States, Germany, and Great Britain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 150–53.
2. Jared Taylor, Paved with Good Intentions: The Failure of Race Relations in Contemporary America (New York: Carroll and Graf, 1992), pp. 34–44, 217–40.
3. Joppke,Immigration and the Nation-State, pp. 25–28.
4. Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color against White World-Supremacy
(London: Chapman and Hall, 1923), pp. 251–55.
5. Peter Brimelow, Alien Nation: Common Sense about America’ Immigration Disaster(New York: HarperPerennial, 1996), pp. 48–49.
6. Brimelow,Alien Nation, p. 219.
7. The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain: The Parekh Report of the Commission on the
Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain, established by The Runnymede Trust (London: Proﬁle,
2000), p. 38.
NOTES TO THE CONCLUSION 353Acknowledgments
The preparation of such an extensive study of the extreme right underground
has been a journey of exploration often far removed from the clearly marked
highways of university library catalogs and mainstream academic literature. I
wish ﬁrst to express my gratititude to Joscelyn Godwin, Richard Drake, Roger
Eatwell, Hans Thomas Hakl, Karl Hüser, Mike Jay, Jeffery Kaplan, and Rüdiger Sünner, all of whom have offered helpful indications and valuable encouragement as I pursued my investigations. I should also like to acknowledge a special debt of thanks to Kevin Coogan. We have corresponded and
discussed these topics with great proﬁt since the early 1980s, and he was also
kind enough to read and comment extensively on the earlier chapters of this
book in manuscript.
In my chapter on Nordic racial paganism in modern America, I am indebted to Mattias Gardell, who has generously allowed me to make use of a
chapter in his forthcoming work, Gods of the Blood: Race, Ethnicity and the
Pagan Revival, to be published by Duke University Press.
Ultimately, my thanks are due to the individuals who have shared their
own political beliefs and made materials available to me. These include Colin
Jordan, Matt Koehl, William Pierce, Jim Saleam, Ernst Zündel, the late Wilhelm Landig, the late Willibald Mattern, Gerhard Petak (Kadmon), Michael
Moynihan, Kerry Raymond Bolton, David Myatt, Katja Lane, Ron McVan,
and Miguel Serrano. I also recall the hospitality and kindness of the late
Rudolf Mund quite some years ago in Vienna.
I am grateful to Lorraine Woods for her assistance in preparing the section
of photographic plates. Finally, I owe thanks to the librarians and staffs of the
British Library, London; the Bodleian Library, Oxford; and the Wiener Library, London

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Ω μη κοιμάστε, ω μη νυστάζετε.

Ο τρελός καλόγερος απ' τη Καππαδοκία
ήρθε κάποια νύχτα στην αγρύπνια μας.
Στάχτη στα γένια στάχτη στα μαλλιά
και μια φωτίτσα ζωντανή στο κούτελο.
Ω μη κοιμάστε, ω μη νυστάζετε.
Θά 'ρθει καιρός και για την άγια νύστα.

Όταν πεινάσει το παιδί, χορτάσει το σκουλήκι,
όταν τα φίδια ρίξουνε φαρμάκι στα νερά,
τότες η γης θ' ανοίξει να φανερωθώ,
θα με γνωρίσεις και θα σε γνωρίσω,
στου πηγαδιού την άκρη θ' ανταμώσουμε
και θ' ανεβούμε συντροφιά την ανηφόρα.
Τότες η γης θ' ανοίξει να φανερωθώ.
θα με γνωρίσεις και θα σε γνωρίσω.
Ω μη κοιμάστε, ω μη νυστάζετε.

Αιώνες μακρινοί και θεοσκότεινοι,
στη ρίζα του βουνού σε κάποια πέτρα,
κρυφά μαστόρευα και φύλαγα για
σένα το ράσο, το ραβδί και το ταγάρι.

Ο τρελός καλόγερος απ' τη Καππαδοκία
ήρθε κάποια νύχτα στην αγρύπνια μας.
Στάχτη στα γένια στάχτη στα μαλλιά
και μια φωτούλα ζωντανή στο κούτελο.
Ω μη κοιμάστε, ω μη νυστάζετε.

Αρχαία Ελληνικά Πρότυπα

Τιμή σ'εκείνους όπου στη ζωή τους
όρισαν και φυλάγουν Θερμοπύλες.
..
Ποτέ από το χρέος μη κινούντες
δίκαιοι κ' ίσοι σ'όλες τους τις πράξεις,
αλλά με λύπη κιόλας κ' ευσπλαχνία.
..
Γενναίοι οσάκις είναι πλούσιοι,κι όταν
είναι πτωχοί,πάλ' εις μικρόν γενναίοι,
πάλι συντρέχοντες όσο μπορούνε.
..
Πάντοτε την αλήθεια ομιλούντες,
πλην χωρίς μίσος για τους ψευδόμενους.
..
Και περισσότερη τιμή τους πρέπει
όταν προβλέπουν
πως ο Εφιάλτης θα φανεί στο τέλος,
κ' οι Μήδοι επί τέλους θα διαβούνε.
...........
(Σημείωση : Μήδος,σύμφωνα με Λεξικό της Αρχαίας Ελληνικής Γλώσσης του κ.Ιωάννη Σταματάκου,σημαίνει : πονηρία,πανουργία,δολιότης)

Ανεβαίνοντας τον Όλυμπο

Για να γνωρίσω τους Θεούς σου
άνοιξα μόνος μου το δρόμο,
για όλο μου το δρόμο
την απόφαση μου παίρνοντας
ωσά μονάκριβο καρπό
για να δροσίζω,στις ακρότατες στιγμές
της δίψας μου,τα χείλια !
..
Όλυμπε,ανήφορε του Δία,
το χώμα σου είναι μαύρο
ζυμωμένο μ'όλα τα χινόπωρα
των καστανιών και των πλατάνων,
και το πόδι χώνεται βαθύτερα από το 'στραγάλι
για να σ' ανεβεί !
..
(Άγγελος Σικελιανός)

SEPTIMUS AEON - ΚΟΣΜΟΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΣ

``
''CARITAS GENERIS HUMANIS'' -Κικέρων-
.
-Λάϊμπνιτζ- : ''Φτάνει να γίνεται κάτι το συνεπές,και μου είναι αδιάφορο από ποιόν και που γίνεται,γιατί εύχομαι το καλό του ανθρώπινου γένους...''
.
ΕΠΙΔΙΩΞΗ,Η ΔΙΑΡΚΗΣ ΑΝΥΨΩΣΗ ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΝΟΥ ΓΕΝΟΥΣ,εκφράζοντας ως εκ τούτου μία συγκεκριμένη φιλοσοφική όσο και πολιτική συνάμα τοποθέτηση του ατόμου απέναντι στο κοινωνικό σύνολο.
..
ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΑ-ΦΥΣΙΟΛΑΤΡΕΙΑ-ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΑ
..
Εθελοντικό και Αυτοδιοικούμενο Σώμα,
με ελεύθερη εισδοχή μελών,
ανεξαρτήτου πίστης,φυλής ή κοινωνικής προέλευσης.
..
Χωρίς κερδοσκοπικές επιδιώξεις.
..
Φορέας επικοινωνίας ανάμεσα στα διαφορετκά στρώματα της κοινωνίας και των Δημοσίων Αρχών.
..
Φορέας ανάπτυξης τεχνικών και επαγγελματικών προτύπων,με στόχο την προσωπική εκπλήρωση και επιβίωση του κάθε μέλους.

Φορέας προώθησης της Συλλογικής Συνείδησης,
μέσα από την συγκριτική μελέτη της Φιλοσοφίας,
των Θρησκειών,των Επιστημών και των Τεχνών.

Φορέας προώθησης της Συμμετοχικής Δράσης των πολιτών-μελών στην Πολιτεία,με στόχο την αναγνώριση οικονομικών,
πολιτιστικών ή άλλων προνομίων,
συμβάλλοντας στον Πολιτισμό,στην Ατομική και στην
Κοινωνική Ευημερία.

Βωμούς να ορθώσουνε

..
κι είναι,μέσα στους σκυφτούς,τα παληκάρια
κι είναι,μες τους κοιμισμένους,οι στρατιώτες.
..
Με μαύρα τα μαντίλια στα κεφάλια τους,
πες τους και καλόγερους,αν θέλεις,
πες τους και φιλόσοφους..
..είν' οι ακριβοί της Φύσης..
..
Ό,τι πολεμάτε για ν' αδράξετε
μ' ενός άδειου λόγου ορμή,
το ζητάνε αυτοί με τ' άρματα στα χέρια
και δε σκύβουνε γυρτούς βωμούς να ορθώσουνε,
κι είναι σαν πατέρες των παιδιών
που ΘΑ ΠΛΑΣΟΥΝΕ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑ,
ΤΟΥ ΗΛΙΟΥ ΤΑΙΡΙΑ.
..
(Όλο το ποίημα βρίσκεται στην ιστοσελίδα αυτή,στην ετικέτα ''Ποίηση'' - Κωστής Παλαμάς,'' Ο Λαός".)

Ο Οδυσσέας στους Κήπους του Αλκίνοου

'' Ειρήνη μέσα στο χάος ''

'' Δύναμη μέσα στη προσπάθεια ''

'' Κατανόηση μέσα στη πολυπλοκότητα ''

'' Συμβίωση μέσα στη διαφορετικότητα ''

Στόχος μας είναι η δημιουργία μιάς ιδεώδους κοινωνίας ή έστω μιάς περιορισμένης κοινότητας ανθρώπων,με δομές και κανόνες,που να εγγυώνται την ευτυχία όλων των μελών της.

Ο βασικός λόγος που μας οδηγεί στην οργάνωση και δημιουργία αυτής της κοινωνίας εντοπίζεται τόσο στην ανθρώπινη φύση μας όσο και στις δομές των σημερινών κοινωνιών.

Η πάντοτε ανήσυχη ανθρώπινη φύση,επιζητεί διαρκώς την υπέρβαση της.

Από την άλλη,οι δομές των σημερινών κοινωνιών και η γενικότερη φύση τους που οδηγούν στον εκμαυλισμό κυβερνούντων και κυβερνουμένων,στην έκπτωση των αξιών,την αδικία και την ανισότητα,στην παρακμή και τη σήψη,μας ωθούν στην προσπάθεια να δημιουργήσουμε μία κοινωνία,όπου όλα αυτά τα κοινωνικά πάθη να βρούν τη λύση τους ή και να αποφευχθούν εκ των προτέρων εξ ολοκλήρου και στη ρίζα τους.

Δεν δραπετεύουμε από το Υπαρκτό στο Μη-Υπαρκτό.
Βασισμένοι σε ξεκάθαρες,αγνές,λίγες αλλά ουσιώδεις και απλές στην εφαρμογή φιλοσοφικές αρχές κτίζουμε τη Πολιτεία μας.
..
(Όλο το κείμενο,Ομήρου Οδύσσεια κεφάλαιο θ 95-481 και Ι 2-11,που περιγράφουν το βασίλειο των Φαιάκων και την διατριβή του Οδυσσέα στους Κήπους του βασιλιά Αλκίνου,
μπορείτε να την διαβάσεται στην ιστοσελίδα :
http://users.otenet.gr/~aper/homer/odm8m.htm
και αξίζει τη προσπάθεια και το χρόνο σας.)

Νέος Ουμανισμός

'' Η γνώση της ανθρώπινης οντότητας ως συνείδηση και βούληση είναι το θεμέλιο κάθε ανθρώπινης γνώσης.''

Προβάλλουμε το ανθρώπινο πρόσωπο,την ανθρώπινη οντότητα,ως την κεντρική αξία,μέχρι του σημείου να θεωρούμε τη γνώση του ως προύπόθεση κάθε γνώσης.

Διδαχή της δυνατής αποκάλυψης της ανθρώπινης οντότητας μέσω της λατρείας της Δικαιοσύνης.

Εν ονόματι του προσώπου ως πνευματικού όντος αγωνιζόμαστε.

Αυτός ο Νέος Ουμανισμός βασίζεται σε κάθε πολιτισμό που προβάλλει το ανθρώπινο πρόσωπο ως ανώτερη αξία έναντι των υλικών αναγκαιοτήτων και των συλλογικών μηχανισμών που προωθούν την ανάπτυξη τους.

Προσαρμόζομαι και Προσαρμόζω

Προς το Αρμόζων.

Σε κάθε γενιά ανατίθεται ο ρόλος της διατήρησης των παλαιών και αγαπητών μορφών,
αλλά επίσης και της συνετής επέκτασης και του εμπλουτισμού τους.

Κάθε κύκλος πρέπει να προσθέσει τους δικούς του καρπούς.
Καρπούς της δικής του έρευνας και αξιολόγησης.
Αξιολογώ τα καλά,σύμφωνα με την έρευνα και τη βιωματική μου εικόνα,και τα κρατάω.
Αποβάλλω,όμως,ότι θεωρώ μη χρήσιμο ή άνευ αξίας.

Καταστρέφω τις παλιές μορφές για να δημιουργήσω νέες,
αντάξιες μου.Εκείνο που χρειάζομαι στη διαδικασία αυτή
είναι η θέληση να αλλάξω,η γνώση τι να αλλάξω και η ικανότητα της προσαρμογής.

Χρειάζεται να αποφύγω τον κίνδυνο της αποκρυστάλλωσης με την πλαστικότητα και την διεύρυνση.

Αν όλα γύρω μου εγώ τα βρίσκω αντάξια μου ή είμαι τυχερός ευδαίμων ή έχω αποκρυσταλλωθεί,έχω παγιώσει το
περιβάλλον μου.

Ο κίνδυνος βρίσκεται στον δογματισμό και στην ακαμψία.

Ισχυρίζονται ότι η παλαιά τάξη πραγμάτων μεταβάλλεται.
Πράγματι μεταβάλλεται.Προς ποιά κατεύθυνση όμως ;
Μεταβάλλεται ως προς την ποσότητα,όχι ως προς την ποιότητα.
Είναι μία αλλαγή διάστασης και μορφής,και όχι ουσίας ή
βάσεως.

Αφαιρώντας τις προσθήκες του παρελθόντος που συσκοτίζουν και κηλιδώνουν,έχω την δυνατότητα να κτίσω
σε φωτεινές και ακηλίδωτες βάσεις.

Γιατί κοινωνία και όχι άτομα

Η νέα μαθητεία είναι πρωταρχικά ένα πείραμα ομαδικής εργασίας και το κύριο αντικείμενο της δεν είναι η τελειοποίηση ενός μεμονωμένου μαθητή.

Τα άτομα προορίζονται για να αλληλοσυμπληρώνονται και να αποτελούν απαραίτητα στοιχεία το ένα του άλλου.

Στο σύνολο των ιδιοτήτων τους όλα αυτά τα άτομα,
θα παρουσιάζουν μία αδιαίρετη ενότητα,
θα είναι ενιαία μονάδα,
μία πνευματική κοινωνία ικανή και χρήσιμη,
μία κοινωνία μέσω της οποίας η πνευματική ενέργεια να μπορεί να μεταβιβάζεται σε όλους τους ανθρώπους.

Οι σφαίρες υπηρεσίας των μεμονωμένων μαθητών παραμένουν οι ίδιες όπως και πρώτα,αλλά στα διάφορα πεδία της ατομικής προσπάθειας τους προστίθεται μία ομαδική δραστηριότητα και ζωή που γίνεται κατανοητώτερη καθώς υλοποιείται.

Πρώτο αναγκαίο ζητούμενο είναι συνεπώς,
να συνδεθούμε και να ενοποιηθούμε σαν μία μονάδα,
ώστε κάθε πρόσωπο σ'αυτή να μπορεί να εργαστεί σε στενή νοητική επικοινωνία και πνευματική συνεργασία με τ'άλλα.

Αυτό απαιτεί οπωσδήποτε χρόνο,προσπάθεια,θέληση,
γνώση και καλή διάθεση.
Όλοι είμαστε ίσοι,αλλά ο καθένας διαφορετικός.
Η διαφορετικότητα μας είναι που δίνει την αρμονία στο σύνολο.

Γρήγορα αποτελέσματα και θεαματικές ανελίξεις
δεν είναι στις υποσχέσεις μου.
Η έφεση,η υπομονή,η καλή διάθεση,η πειθαρχία,
η φιλία,η αποδοχή της διαφορετικότητας μας,
είναι οι καλοί μας σύμβουλοι.
Η δειλία,η αναβλητικότητα,η έλλειψη ειλικρίνειας,
ο υπέρμετρος εγω'ι'σμός,η ματαιοδοξία,η υποκρισία,η μωροπιστία,η προπαίτεια,η αλαζονεία,το θράσσος, η υποτίμηση,οι επικρίσεις,η βιασύνη,
είναι εμπόδια στη πρόοοδο μας.

Υποτάσσοντας τις ιδέες της προσωπικής μου ανάπτυξης,
στις ανάγκες της ομάδας,επιταχύνω την πρόοδο της ομάδας,
συγχρόνως όμως της δικής μου.
'' Τράβα με να σε τραβώ ν'ανεβούμε στο βουνό ''

Είναι καλό να θυμηθούμε ότι,κατά γενικό κανόνα,
κανείς δεν πείθεται σ'εκείνο που του λένε οι άλλοι,
-άσχετα πόσο φανερή είναι η αλήθεια-.

Μόνο οι αλήθειες εκείνες που δοκιμάζονται μέσα στο καμίνι της δικής μας,της ατομικής μας εμπειρίας,αφομοιώνονται πραγματικά στη συνείδηση μας και δίνουν καρπούς.

Πώς όμως θα βιώσεις κάτι,αν δεν στο δείξει κάποιος και το δοκιμάσεις ;

Virtues

6 core virtues. Under these virtues they listed 24 character strengths associated with each one. The character strengths were the avenues to living and attaining that virtue. Let’s take a look at the list:

1. Wisdom and knowledge-cognitive strengths that entail the acquisition and use of knowledge

Creativity
Curiosity
Open-mindedness
Love of learning
Perspective

2. Courage-emotional strengths that involve the exercise of will to accomplish goals in the face of opposition, external or internal

Bravery
Persistence
Integrity
Vitality

3. Humanity-interpersonal strengths that involve tending and befriending others

Love
Kindness
Social Intelligence

4. Justice-civic strengths that underlie healthy community life

Citizenship
Fairness
Leadership

5. Temperance-strengths that protect against excess

Forgiveness and mercy
Humility/modesty
Prudence
Self-regulation (self-control)

6. Transcendence-strengths that forge connections to other people and the larger universe and provide meaning

Appreciation of beauty and excellence (awe, wonder, elevation)
Gratitude
Hope
Humor
Spirituality

Before you proceed further, take 20 minutes to take the VIA Survey of Character Strengths, available free atauthentichappiness.org under the heading “Engagement Questionnaires.”

Did you take the test? Good. Now look over the list of strengths given in your results.

No test is perfect, and the taker can bias the results by choosing answers that don’t describe themselves as much as they describe the person they wish they were. So you want to double-check that the strengths listed are the real you. Seligman and Peterson recommend that you evaluate the authenticity of each strength with this criteria:

A sense of ownership and authenticity (“This is the real me”).
A feeling of excitement while displaying the strength, especially at first.
A rapid learning curve as the strength is first practiced.
A continuous learning of new ways to enact the strength.
A sense of yearning to find ways to use it.
A feeling of inevitability in using the strength, as if one cannot be stopped or dissuaded from its display.
Joy, zest, enthusiasm, even ecstasy while using it.
Invigoration rather than exhaustion when using the strength.
The creation and pursuit of personal projects that revolve around the strength.
Intrinsic motivation to use the strength.

Stella Maris

A series of articles on Roman Catholic Mariology
General articles Overview of Mariology • Veneration of the Blessed Virgin • History of Mariology
Expressions of devotion Art • Music • Architecture
Specific articles Apparitions • Saints • Popes •Dogmas and Doctrines •Movements & Societies

PRE-CHRISTIAN MYSTICS AND INFLUENCES ON MYSTICISM

Pythagoras (c.580/570-c.500 B.C.E.): A Presocratic philosopher. Founder of a major school of philosophy/religion that emphasized the mystical interconnections in numbers, nature, and the human soul. The natural and the ethical world were inseparable.

Parmenides (c.515-c.450 B.C.E.): On Nature, extant in fragments. Another of the Presocratics. Extends Pythagoras by insisting that all that exists is unchanging and unified. Therefore, if something is changing, it is illusory. This paves the way for the two-world view important for much mysticism. Influences: Pythagoras.

Plato (428-348 B.C.E.): Sophist, Republic, Parmenides, many others. Most important of ancient philosophers. His philosophical system provides the basis of most later mystical forms.Influences: Pythagoras, Parmenides.

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.): Metaphysics, De Anima, Nicomachean Ethics. While Aristotle himself is not really considered to be a mystic, he is an important influence on later mystics, especially when combined with Plato by Plotinus, and also when Christianized in the high Middle Ages.

Philo (c.20 B.C.E.-c.41 C.E.): The Contemplative Life. An Alexandrian Jew who drew fromPlatonist tradition, Stoicism, and neo-Pythagoreanism to create a fusion of the active or virtuous life and the contemplative life.

Plotinus (c.205-270 C.E.): Enneads. The non-Christian, neo-Platonic basis for much Christian, Jewish, and Islamic mysticism. Influences: Plato, Aristotle.

Porphyry (c.232-304 C.E.): Isagoge. Compiled Plotinus' Enneads, and wrote a life of Plotinus. He was strongly anti-Christian, yet he became important in the history of Christian mysticism.

Proclus or Proclusthe Lycian (412-485 C.E.): The Elements of Theology. Athenian Neo-platonist, who influenced Pseudo-Dionysius, and beyond him most of the mystical tradition. While respecting Plotinus, Proclus also amended his philosophical structure.

CHRISTIAN MYSTICS AND MOVEMENTS

(1) Early Church

Ignatius of Antioch (c. 35-c.107): Christocentric mystic. For him Christ's death and resurrectiontake on mystical significance.

St. Polycarp (c.69-c.155): Had a mystical vision which foretold his martyrdom by fire.

Justin Martyr (c.105-c.165): First Apology. Used Greek philosophy as the stepping-stone to Christian theology. The mystical conclusions that some Greeks arrived at, pointed to Christ.Influences: Pythagoras, Plato, Plotinus, Aristotle, Stoicism.

Irenaeus (c.125-c.202): Revolution and Overthrow of False Knowledge (or Against Heresies). Irenaeus' work was directed against Gnosticism. He emphasized John's gospel, particularly theLogos, which became the voice of God that revealed itself to all people.

Tertullian (c.155-c.222): To Martyrs, Apology, Against the Valentinians, Against Marcion, On the Soul. Emphasized a faith that was a contradiction to reason. "I believe because it is absurd." First to use trinitarian (three-in-one) formulation for God.

Origen (c.185-254): On Principles, Against Celsus. Studied under Clement of Alexandria, and probably also Ammonius Saccus (Plotinus' teacher). He Christianized and theologized neo-Platonism. Each soul has individually fallen (emanation), and must find its way back to God (return) through the help of the Logos, Christ. Origen looks quite Gnostic at times.

St. Antony (c.251-356): The Letters of St. Antony the Great. Early hermit or solitary monk, and a model for later monasticism, particularly of his eremetical type.

St. Athanasius (c.296-373): Against the Gentiles, Apology Against the Arians. Bishop of Alexandria (328-73), wrote a Life of Antony, and was an influence on later Eastern Orthodox mysticism.

Gregory of Nazianzus (329-389): Forty-five Sermons. One of the Cappadocians, early church fathers.

Basil the Great (c.330-379): Longer Rules, Liturgy of St. Basil. One of the Cappadocians, early church fathers. He gave a mystical orientation to the monastic movement.

Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-c.398): Dialogue with his Sister Macrina concerning the Resurrection. Believed that the universe existed as a harmonious order emanating from God. One of theCappadocians.

Augustine (354-430): De Trinitate, Confessions. Important source for much mediaeval mysticism. Brings Platonism and Christianity together. He emphasizes the soul's search for God, made possible by the illumination of the mind of God. Influences: Plato, Plotinus.

(2) Mediaeval (Catholic and Orthodox) Church

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (writing c.500): The Celestial Hierarchy, the Mystical Theology, and The Divine Names. Originates the distinction between kataphatic and apophatictheology. Influences: Plotinus.

John Scotus Eriugena (c.810-c.877): Periphyseon. Eriugena translated Pseudo-Dionysius from Greek into Latin. He holds that humans are a microcosm of the universe. That which is shared, the essence of all things, is God. Influences: Plotinus, Augustine, Pseudo-Dionysius.

Bernard of Clairvaux (1091-1153): Sermons, De diligendo Deo, On the Love of God. Cistercian mystic. Promoted a mystical vision of rhapsodic love, in which the Church is described in erotic terms as the bride of Christ. His love-mysticism had the tendency to be anti-intellectual, as in his disputes with Abelard.

William of St.-Thierry (c.1085-1148): Golden Letter, On the Contemplation of God, On the Nature and Dignity of Love. A Cistercian contemporary of Bernard's, William also emphasized love-mysticism, but with subtle differences from Bernard in his use of Augustine.

Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179): Scivias, The Book of Divine Works, Letters. Early German speculative mystic, reminiscent of Isaiah or Ezekiel at times. She was greatly respected in her time, both for her writings as well as for her music and art. Influences: Augustine, Bernard of Clairvaux.

Victorines: Hugh of St. Victor (c.1096-c.1142), Richard of St. Victor (d. 1173): On Sacraments. Hugh is the more important of the two. He argues for a close tie between reason and mysticism.

Francis of Assisi (John Bernardone) (1182-1226): Canticle of the Sun. Founder of the Franciscan order, which emphasized self-renunciation and poverty. Francis approaches nature mysticism at times, particularly when he sees God in all living things.

Albertus Magnus (1206-1280): The teacher of Thomas Aquinas. In the tradition of Pythagoras, emphasized the essential unity of science and mysticism. Influences: Augustine, Pseudo-Dionysius.

Beatrice of Nazareth (1200-1268): The Seven modes of Sacred Love. Belgian Cistercian mystic. Associated with the Beguines. Influences: Augustine.

Mechthild of Magdeburg (1207-1282): The Flowing Light of the Godhead. Strongly feminine images in mysticism. Devotional mystic. Associated with the Beguines. Influences: Bernard of Clairvaux, Hildegard, Gregory the Great.

Bonaventure (John Fidanza) (1217-1274): The Mind's Road to God, The Tree of Life, The Life of St. Francis. Franciscan monk, and the architect of the philosophical, theological, and mystical side of Francis' thought. Mysticism in the Augustinian tradition. Influences: Augustine, St. Francis of Assisi, Victorines.

St. Thomas Aquinas (1224-1275): Summa Theologica, De Anima, many others. Dominican monk and the greatest Catholic theologian and philosopher. Late in life, he had a mystical experience which caused him to question his scholastic past. Influences: Aristotle, Augustine,Pseudo-Dionysius, Eriugena.

Ramon Llull (c.1235-1315): Great Art, The Book of the Lover and the Beloved. Franciscan. Legend has it that Llull wrote 200 works, was an alchemist and a magician. He also worked on the logic of science. The "Great Art" is the scientific and mystical calculation of the interrelations of all things. Influences: Bonaventure.

Angela of Foligno (c.1248-1309): The Book of Divine Consolations of the Blessed Angela of Foligno. Mysticism is based on the facts of Christ's life and death. Influences: Francis of Assisi, Bonaventure.

Marguerite Porete (d. 1310): The Mirror of Simple Souls.

Meister Eckhart (1260-1327/8): Sermons, Parisian Questions and Prologues. [Some English-language selections from his writings are available.] Dominican monk. One of the most important early German speculative mystics. Eckhart is the first of the so-called "Rhineland" mystics. The Sermons were in German, the academic works in Latin. Influences: Pseudo-Dionysius.

Hadewijch (Adelwip) of Brabant/Antwerp (13th century): Letters, Poems in Stanzas, Visions,Poems in Couplets. Belgian Beguine. One of the greatest exponents of love mysticism.Influences: Plato, Plotinus, Pseudo-Dionysius, Gregory of Nyssa, Richard of St. Victor.

Jan van Ruysbroeck (1293-1381): The Adornment of the Spiritual Marriage (Spiritual Espousals),The Sparkling Stone, The Book of Supreme Truth. Flemish mystic, sometimes considered one of the Rhineland mystics. Outlines the stages of the mystical life. Influences: Eckhart, Hadewijch.

Henry Suso (1295-1366): The Little Book of Truth, The Little Book of Wisdom (Horologium Sapientiae). A Rhineland mystic. Influences: Eckhart.

Gregory Palamas (1296-1359): Eastern Orthodox mystic. Influences: Pseudo-Dionysius, Athanasius.

Johannes Tauler (1300-1361): Sermons. Rhineland mystic and Dominican. Tauler emphasized the inner person rather than outer works, and because of this became popular in Protestant circles in the Reformation, and later Pietism and Romanticism. He was part of the same community that produced the Theologia Germanica. Influences: Eckhart, Mechthild of Magdeburg.

Anonymous (c.1350-1400): Theologia Germanica or Theologia Deutsch. Important influence in the German mystical tradition. Luther rediscovered and popularized it. Influences: Augustine, Eckhart, Tauler.

Richard Rolle (1300-1349): The Fire of Love. Part of the "English school" of late mediaeval mysticism. Emphasizes the "physicality" of the mystical experience (feeling heat, seeing colours, etc.).

Birgitta (Brigida) Suecica of Sweden (1302-1373): Ascetic mystic. Heavily involved in political activity. Influences: St. Francis of Assisi.

Anonymous (c.1349-c.1395): The Cloud of Unknowing, [as modernized, see also early text] The Book of Privy Council. Part of the "English school" of late mediaeval mysticism. The emphasis on "unknowing" God is part of Pseudo-Dionysius' apophatic theology. Influences: Pseudo-Dionysius.

Walter Hilton (d. 1395): The Scale (Ladder) of Perfection, Epistle to a Devout Man. AnAugustinian monk, Hilton was an English mystic.

Julian of Norwich (1342-1413?): Showings or Revelations of Divine Love. Julian was part of the "English school" of late mediaeval mysticism. Mystical experience that came at the point of death. The experience came with healing, and she devoted her life to understanding her vision.Influences: Pseudo-Dionysius, Aquinas (?).

Margery Kempe (c.1413): Mainly known as the biographer of Julian of Norwich.

Catherine of Siena (1347-1380): Il Dialogo. Italian. Mystic; advisor to Pope Gregory XI.Influences: Augustine.

Thomas à Kempis (c.1380-1471): The Imitation of Christ. Augustinian monk. Finest expression of devotio moderna, modern spirituality, which downplays the Rhineland mystics' concern with contemplation and speculative theology, and stresses the practice of simple piety and asceticism. Influences: Eckhart.

Nicolaus of Cusa (Cusanus, Nikolaus Krebs) (1401-1464): The Vision of God (1453), De Docta Ignorantia. German mystic. Part of the revival of Platonism in the Renaissance. Cusanus was a speculative mystic who emphasized the incomprehensibility and paradoxicality of God.Influences: Plotinus, Pseudo-Dionysius, Eckhart.

St. Catherine of Genoa (1447-1510): Life and Doctrines, Treatise on Purgatory. Mysticism spurred in part by the abuse and neglect by her husband. Her trauma becomes mystical as she argues that purgatory is a stage on the mystical path, the final purification of the effects of self-love.

Teresa of Avila (1515-1582): Life, by Herself; The Way of Perfection; The Interior Castle. Spanish Carmelite nun. Formed the Discalced (Barefoot) Carmelites, with St. John of the Cross. Is very important for describing the stages of the mystical journey. Influences: Augustine.

St. John of the Cross (Juan de Yepes) (1542-1591): Dark Night of the Soul and Ascent of Mt. Carmel. Spanish mystic. (Discalced Carmelite) Both John and Teresa emphasize mysticism as union with God, attainable only in the denial of the self. Influences: Teresa of Avila.

Giordano Bruno (1548-1600): Hermetic philosopher, one of the most important philosophers of the Renaissance. Bruno advocated a kind of nature mysticism which had a strong scientific component to it.

St. Francois de Sales (1567-1622): The Introduction to the Devout Life (Philothea), Treatise on the Love of God. French mystic. Devout Life is a classic of French spirituality.

Louis Claude de Saint Martin (1743-1803): Theosophic Correspondence. While technically Catholic, St. Martin's mysticism follows much closer in the tradition of Boehme and other nature mystics. Influences: Boehme, Swedenborg, Weigel, Law.

(3) Non-Catholic Christian Mystics (16th-18th century)

Martin Luther (1483-1546): While Luther had a well-known antipathy to mystics, it is also true that there is the foundation of mystical life in his theology of the heart, particularly in his early thought. Influences: Augustine, Theologica Germanica.

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (1486-1535): De Occulta Philosophia (1533). It is not clear whether to call Agrippa Catholic or not. He did not embrace the Reformation, yet many of his themes are much closer to Weigel and Boehme than to any Catholic mystic. His was a speculative mysticism, as much interested in magic and alchemy as in spiritual life.

Paracelsus (Phillipus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541): Another speculative mystic more interested in medical alchemy, astronomy, and natural philosophy.

Valentin Weigel (1533-1588): Know Thyself (1572). Weigel begins in the tradition of Rhineland mysticism, and moves to the speculative nature mysticism of Paracelsus. Influences: Eckhart, Tauler, Theologica Germanica, Paracelsus.

Jacob Boehme (1575-1624): Aurora (1612) [in German], Mysterium Pansophicum (1620),Signature Rerum (1622), Mysterium Magnum (1623). Lusatian Lutheran. A major figure in German mysticism. Influences: Eckhart, the Jewish Kabbalah, Valentin Weigel, Renaissance alchemy, Paracelsus.

Christian Knorr von Rosenroth (1636-1689): Kabbala Denudata: The Kabbalah Uncovered. AChristian Kabbalist. Influenced by the Kabbalah, Jacob Boehme.

Angelus Silesius (Johannes Scheffler 1624-1677): The Cherubic Wanderer [Hungarian version] (1657-on). Mysticism in epigrammatic couplets.

George Fox (1624-1691): Founder of the Quakers. Influences: Boehme.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646-1716): Monadology. Usually thought of as a rationalist philosopher rather than a mystic. However, while it may be too much to call him a mystic, it is certainly possible to see the affinities between his thought and that of Cusanus, Weigel, Boehme, and other nature mystics. His most important contribution is to blend inner life with rationality; most Pietists (and most scientists) assumed them to be mutually exclusive.

William Law (1686-1761): The Spirit of Love (1752-1754). English mystic. Law is most famous for his devotional works (like A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life), but later in his life he became interested in Jacob Boehme, and wrote several mystical treatises.

Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772): Many works, including Arcana Coelestia, Heaven and Hell,The Heavenly City, Divine Love and Wisdom, etc. Swedenborg worked out a detailed understanding of nature mysticism, applying it to everything from the animal world to the spiritual world. He is one of the few mystics to have an active following to the present.

Friedrich Christoph Oetinger (1702-1782): Nature mystic, Pietist. Influences: Boehme, Weigel, Swedenborg.

Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803): Another person who is often not counted as a mystic, but who followed Leibnitz in attempting to blend science and mysticism into a kind of vitalism.Influences: Cusanus, Boehme, Leibnitz.

NOTE: After the 18th century, the influence of mysticism explodes in the Romanticism of Germany, England, and America. True mystics, however, remain few.

JEWISH MYSTICS AND MYSTICISM

Kabbalah [See also links maintained by Colin Low.]

Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia (1240-1291): One of the founders of the Spanish Kabbalah.

Moses ben Shem Tob de Leon (1250-1305): Zohar (The Book of Splendor). The most important writer of the most important Kabbalist document.

Moses Cordovero (1522-1570): Pardes Rimmonim, Elimah Rabbati, Palmtree of Deborah. Spanish Kabbalist. Cordovero laid the groundwork for the Kabbalist ethical literature that proliferated in the 16th-18th centuries.

Isaac Luria (1534-1572): Founder of the Lurianic Kabbalah, which is the modern version. Mostmodern Kabbalists follow Luria's version.

Hasidism

Israel ben Eliezer, Ba'al Shem Tov (Besht) (1700-1760): Founder of the Hasidim, the sect appearing during the final stages of the Kabbalah's development.

Rabbi Nachman of Breslov in the Ukraine (1772-1810): Martin Buber, the author of I and Thou(Ich und Du), calls him the last Jewish mystic.

ISLAMIC MYSTICS AND MYSTICISM

Sufism has sources in sacred texts, the remembrance of Allah, and respect for those who exemplify the straight path of Islam through and beyond explicit injunctions of the law.

Hasan of Basra (d. 728): Early advocate of ascetic piety. Hasan emphasized the Koran or Qur'anas the standard of right and wrong, which in turn emphasized the fear of God.

al Hallaj (d. 922): The Ta wa-sin Tried and executed for claiming that God had come to dwell in him.

al Farabi (ca. 873-950): Important philosopher as well as a mystic. Influences: Plotinus.

al Ghazali (d. 1111): First-rate Aristotelean philosopher, who extended Aristotle's theory of perception to argue for a kind of mystical perception that goes beyond reason. Influences: Aristotle.

ADDENDUM: TERMS, TRENDS, AND MOVEMENTS WORTH KNOWING ABOUT

Alchemy: Alchemy, as often as not, assumes a Hermetic world view. Most people know alchemy as the search for the principle of transmutation of baser metals into higher (e.g., lead into gold). It is really broader, and represents the attempt to understand the connections in the world. Paracelsus practiced a medical alchemy, in which the body was a collection of balancing principles, and illness meant that the balance was off. If you take away the spiritual assumptions behind the alchemical forces, you have something remarkably close to Newtonian physics.

Beghards: male counterparts to the Beguines. Fewer, and less of an issue for the church at the time.

Beguines: group of female contemplatives, some of whom were mystics. They were condemned as heretics because they represented a challenge to the church's authority. Many important female mystics were associated with the Beguines, although the group was not necessarily mystical (some thought that mystical visions got in the way of practical life).

Gnosticism: Derived from Greek gnosis, knowledge. The Gnostic is one who claims esoteric knowledge about God and the metaphysical structure of the universe. There is a strong distinction between spirit and matter, God and the world. This position sometimes resulted in asceticism (the spirit must be liberated from the bonds of the flesh), and sometimes antinomianism (the material world is inconsequential, so there is no point in resisting carnal impulses). Some later mysticism (e.g. quietism) has the world-denying aspects of gnosticism.

Hermeticism: Followers of the legendary figure Hermes Trismegistus, or thrice-great Hermes, reputed to be an Egyptian writer. Much nature mysticism of the Renaissance found hermetic thought useful, because both understood the world to be intrinsically interconnected, and only understandable once those connections were understood. Hermes mixed with Pseudo-Dionysius was common fare in Renaissance Italy, until Isaac Casaubon showed that Hermes was not who he said he was.

Kabbalah: Jewish mysticism that has its roots earlier than Christianity, but which flourishes in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The Kabbalah struggles with the problem of how the human person can relate to a God who is totally other, and how that God relates to creation.

Monasticism: Although the tendency to live apart for spiritual devotion has a long history, it is closely tied to mysticism in the Middle Ages. The disciplines associated with mysticism have their most rigorous application there. The most famous orders are the Franciscans (St. Francis of Assisi, Bonaventure), the Dominicans (Thomas Aquinas, Meister Eckhart), the Carmelites(Teresa of Avila, St. John of the Cross), the Benedictines (St. Benedict), and the Jesuits (St. Ignatius of Loyola). The orders exist to this day, and continue to be places that encourage mysticism and contemplation (Thomas Merton was a Trappist monk, for instance).

Rhineland Mysticism: The Rhineland mystics were German mystics that follow the influence of Meister Eckhart. They tend to emphasize the search for the inner ground of the soul.

Sufism: The mystical bent in Islam is supported by passages from the Koran (or Qur'an) and is represented by the Sufis. Because there is a dominant emphasis on prophetic activism and legalism in Islam, Muslim tradition may be misunderstood as entirely inhospitable to mysticism. But the Sufi way, mainly transmitted through "lay orders" that trace their origin to some influential spiritual teacher, preserve a distinctively Islamic mysticism. Among these Sufi subtraditions are the Naqshbandi and the Nimatullahi, but there are several others. A few modern organizations (such as the International Sufi Movement led by Hidayat Inayat Khan) claim descent from traditional Sufis but do not require their followers to be Muslims. And recently the great Sufi poetJalaluddin Rumi has been rediscovered as a source of inspiration by poets Robert Bly andColeman Barks. However, most practicing Sufis affirm that they are Muslims.

IMPORTANT SECONDARY SOURCES

The secondary sources in mysticism are quite varied. Sometimes whole works are devoted to the subject; sometimes chapters of quite unexpected works will be on mysticism. More general reflections on mysticism can be found as introductions or appendices to works on particular mystics or chapters in philosophies or psychologies of religion. And, many works on mysticism that seem to be reflections on the nature of mysticism turn out to be anthologies of writings of various mystics. Compounding the problem is the fact that the word "mysticism" has been used for all sorts of experiences, philosophical positions, personality types, writings, or whatever. Where to go?

Well, here are my favorites. Of course, this is highly selective, not to mention somewhat idiosyncratic. I will start with the good general bibliographies first -- consulting these will lead you to other things. You will have to find bibliographies for individual mystics yourself (come see me on this; I might be able to help). In the "General Secondary Sources" section, I have not included several fine works that reflect on mysticism in general from the point of view of a particular mystic (except for von Huegel's work, that is). Most of these you can find by looking for the particular mystic.

(1) Bibliographies

Bowman, Mary Ann. Western mysticism: A guide to the basic works. Chicago: American Library Association, 1978. ~~ A very good work, to 1978. It is well organized, and has a good index. It is better than Sharma & Arndt, although both are quite old.

CD-ROM Indices -- Modern Languages Association (MLA) Index, Philosopher's Index, PsychLit Index, Religion Index. ~~ All of these will produce more references than you can use, if you look either under "mysticism" or under a particular mystic's name, or under the name of a movement (e.g. "Beguine"). These indices have the virtue of also giving you abstracts. . . .

Jones, C., Wainwright, G., Yarnold, E., eds. The study of spirituality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. ~~ Each entry comes with a short bibliography. This is a good place to start if you want information on a particular individual.

McGinn, Bernard. The foundations of mysticism. New York: Crossroad Press, 1991. ~~ McGinn has a great bibliography in the back of this book. More on McGinn later.

Sharma, Umesh and Arndt, John. Mysticism: A select bibliography. Waterloo, Ont.: Waterloo Lutheran University, 1973. ~~ This bibliography goes well beyond Western mysticism. At over 1500 entries, it is quite good (although of course, still selective, given the immense amount of material they could have included). There are only two real drawbacks: it is hard to find . . . , and it is over 20 years old (a lot has happened in theory of mysticism since 1973). While the entries are not organized under headings, there is an index at the back. A good resource.

Underhill, Evelyn. Mysticism, 12th edition. New York: Meridian Books, 1955. ~~ Underhill lists texts, translations, and studies for many different mystics, quite a number not included in my list.

(2) Biographies

Encyclopedia of philosophy, Macmillan and Free Press, 1967. ~~ It will not have all the mystics listed above, but only those that are clearly philosophically significant. However, what it does have is well done.

Ferguson, John. An illustrated encyclopedia of mysticism and the mystery religions. New York: Seabury Press, 1977. ~~ Although sometimes a bit sloppy about its characterizations (I think it buys into the hype a bit too much), this is a good quick reference for people, movements, and ideas.

Jones, C., Wainwright, G., Yarnold, E., eds. The study of spirituality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. ~~ A good resource on the history of spirituality, with dozens of entries by major writers on important people, movements, and concepts.

Reese, W. L., Dictionary of philosophy and religion. Humanities Press, 1980. ~~ Very brief entries on virtually all the people mentioned here.

(3) General Secondary Sources

Almond, Philip. Mystical experience and religious doctrine: An investigation of the study of mysticism in world religions. Berlin and New York: Mouton, 1982. ~~ Almond focusses on the interpretation of mystical experience, and does a good critique of different thinkers.

Bynum, Caroline Walker. Jesus as mother. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. ~~ A classic on mysticism and women in the High Middle Ages.

Carmody, Denise L. & John T. Carmody. Mysticism: Holiness east and west. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. ~~ A breezy overview of mysticism around the world. As with most works of this sort, the further the term mysticism is extended, the harder it is to maintain the commonalities. Still, not a bad introduction.

Certeau, Michel de. The mystic fable. Volume 1: The 16th and 17th Centuries. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1992. ~~ de Certeau is chiefly known for his work in post-modern and post-colonial circles, mainly on embodiment. This is one of his final works, and is an excellent rethinking of early modern mysticism as the "attempt to represent the unrepresentable."

Ellwood, Robert. Mysticism and religion. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1980. ~~ Long used as a basic introduction to mysticism in religion departments. Also available in a slightly revised second edition ~ New York: Seven Bridges Press, 1998.

Evans, Donald. Spirituality and human nature. Albany, New York: SUNY Press, 1992. ~~ A philosopher/mystic teaching at the University of Toronto gives a defense of the rationality and respectability of mystical experience.

Forman, Robert K. C., ed. The problem of pure consciousness: Mysticism and philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. ~~ A good compilation of essays on the debate betweenperennialists and constructivists, as Forman calls them, or those who regard mystical experience as pure, and those that argue that it is mediated through language, tradition, culture, religion, and other factors.

Happold, F. C. Mysticism: A study and an anthology. London, England: Penguin, 1963. ~~ One of the first attempts to place mysticism in the modern world.

Horne, James. Beyond mysticism (1978). The moral mystic (1983). Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ~~ Both these books deserve more attention than they receive. Horne identifies and tackles several issues in philosophy and mysticism.

Huegel, F. von. The mystical element of religion. 2 vols., London: Dent, 1908; New York: Dutton, 1923. ~~ The grand-daddy of modern scholarship on mysticism. Working from the writings of Catherine of Genoa, Huegel concludes that the mystical or experiential element is an essential component of true religion.

Idel, Moshe. Kabbalah: New perspectives. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1988. ~~ The best recent discussion of the Kabbalah.

Idel, Moshe & Bernard McGinn, eds. Mystical union and monotheistic faith: An ecumenical dialogue. New York: MacMillan, 1989. ~~ An investigation of the unio mystica in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ~ Reprinted as Mystical Union in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam : An Ecumenical Dialogue. New York: Continuum, 1996.

James, William. The varieties of religious experience. New York: Mentor Books, 1958. ~~ One of the first Gifford Lectures ever given (1901-1902), James' book has a long section in which he gives examples of mystical experience and outlines a rudimentary phenomenology of mysticism. This is the starting point for many later writers. His (1897) essay "The will to believe" raises questions that complement rather than contribute directly to the study of mysticism.

Jones, Richard. Mysticism examined. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 1993. ~~ A collection of Jones' essays from the previous 15 years, he takes an analytic philosophical approach to the questions of mysticism.

Katz, Steven, ed. Mysticism and philosophical analysis (1978). London and New York: Oxford University Press.
___________, ed. Mysticism and religious traditions (1983). London and New York: Oxford University Press.
___________, ed. Mysticism and language (1992). London and New York: Oxford University Press.
All these volumes have important essays in them, not the least of which is Katz' own "Language, Epistemology, and Mysticism" in the first book. That essay set the stage for a debate over the nature of mystical experience that continues today.

Louth, Andrew. The origins of the Christian mystical tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981. ~~ Just about anything Louth writes is worth reading (he also did a very good introduction to Pseudo-Dionysius, called Denis the Areopagite, and several essays on patristic-age mystics); this was the best on this topic before McGinn's work.

McGinn, Bernard. The foundations of mysticism. New York: Crossroad Press, 1991. ~~ The first of a promised 4-volume series on the history and theory of mysticism, this is a spectacular beginning. It is wide-ranging, sympathetic to mysticism without being blind to its problems, very well researched, and easy to read. Besides that, it gives intelligent critiques of many other recent writers on mysticism. It is already orders of magnitude better than anything else out there. (Do I sound enthusiastic?). Volume II, The growth of mysticism, continues the strong tradition of scholarship. It covers the period from Gregory the Great to the 12th century.

Otto, Rudolf. The idea of the holy. London: Oxford University Press, 1958. ~~ As the subtitle says, "an inquiry into the non-rational factor in the idea of the divine and its relation to the rational." Technically not mysticism, but Otto (1869-1937) has major implications for mysticism. His later book, Mysticism east and west, which may from the title seem more relevant to a discussion of mysticism, is a seriously flawed attempt to compare Meister Eckhart and Acharya Sankara.

Scholem, Gershom. Major trends in Jewish mysticism. New York: Schocken Books, 1961. (First published in 1941.) ~~ Scholem is the most famous modern interpreter of Jewish mysticism. This provides a good, if somewhat breezy overview.

Scholem, Gershom. Kabbalah. New York: Dorset Books, 1974. ~~ Much more indepth on this important type of Jewish mysticism, although Idel's book is more scholarly.

Staal, Frits. Exploring mysticism. London, England: Penguin, 1975. ~~ Staal argues that mystical experience can be studied in the same way that we would study any other object of scientific investigation, as long as there is some way of inducing actual mystical states in the researcher.

Stace, W. T. Mysticism and philosophy. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippencott, 1960. ~~ Stace makes some classic distinctions here that have become part of the language of theory of mysticism.

Underhill, Evelyn. Mysticism, 12th edition. New York: Meridian Books, 1955. ~~ First published in 1910, Underhill tries to consider mysticism from both the outside and the inside. This is an old classic, and worth consulting, even though later works fulfill this project better.

Underhill, Evelyn. Practical mysticism. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1915. ~~ Despite the odd title, this is a good introduction to the life and practice of mysticism. Underhill intends this as a kind of primer to the mystical life.

Weeks, Andrew. German mysticism. Albany, New York: SUNY Press, 1993. ~~ After work on Jacob Boehme, Weeks provides solid treatment of mysticism through about 800 years of German history. Weeks is an historian, and as such contextualizes mysticism in the political, social, and intellectual worlds very well.

Woods, Richard, ed. Understanding mysticism. New York: Image Books, 1980. ~~ A very good collection of essays on mysticism, from a variety of points of view and disciplinary commitments.

Zaehner, R. C. Mysticism: Sacred and profane. London: Oxford, 1961. ~~ Zaehner argues for a difference between theistic and monistic (nature) mysticism, the latter of which is induced by (among other things) drugs.

Literature

Literature
Major forms
Novel · Poem · Drama Short story · Novella
Genres
Epic · Lyric · Drama Romance · Satire Tragedy · Comedy Tragicomedy
Media
Performance (play) · Book
Techniques
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Discussion
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Nietzsche

Friedrich Nietzsche

Works	Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks · The Birth of Tragedy · On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense · Untimely Meditations · Hymnus an das Leben · Human, All Too Human ·The Dawn · The Gay Science · Thus Spoke Zarathustra · Beyond Good and Evil · On the Genealogy of Morality · The Case of Wagner · Twilight of the Idols · The Antichrist ·Ecce Homo · Nietzsche contra Wagner · The Will to Power (posthumous)

Concepts	Amor fati · Apollonian and Dionysian · Eternal return · Free will · God is dead · Herd instinct · Last man · Master-slave morality · Nietzschean affirmation · Perspectivism · Ressentiment ·Transvaluation of values · Tschandala · Übermensch · World riddle · Will to power

Related	Works about Nietzsche · Comparison with Kierkegaard · Influence and reception of Nietzsche · Anarchism and Friedrich Nietzsche · Nietzsche-Archiv · Nietzsche Music Project ·Relationship with Max Stirner · My Sister and I

Liberal Hawk

The term liberal hawk refers to an individual generally described as politically liberal who supports a hawkish foreign policy, as opposed to a foreign policy of not using force to intervene with conflicts around the world. Past U.S. presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman,John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson have been described as liberal hawks for their roles in bringing about America's status as the world's premier military power. The Clinton Doctrine can also be considered as consistent with this vision. Modernly the term is most frequently used to describe liberals and leftists who supported or still support the decision to invade Iraq in 2003, which was authorized by the United States Congress and ordered by a conservative president, George W. Bush. The war has stirred heated controversy among all political sides of the debate. The consensus among the left reaches very little disagreement about the latter. However, the left was divided over the issue of whether going to war in Iraq was the right decision, as some liberals felt that they should support the war, in accordance with the philosophy of liberal internationalism, which had caused them to support military intervention in the past.

One document often cited as promoting a liberal hawkish point of view is Progressive Internationalism: A Democratic National Security Strategy, published by the Progressive Policy Institute in October 2003. Another document related to this philosophy is a letter to President Bush] sent by Social Democrats USA in February 2003, urging the military overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime.

In January 2004, Berman, Friedman, Hitchens, Packer, Pollack, Weisberg and Zakaria participated, along with Fred Kaplan, in a five-day online forum entitled Liberal Hawks Reconsider the Iraq War, in which they discussed whether they had been correct in advocating military action against Saddam Hussein's regime. Kaplan by that point had renounced his prior support, but the general consensus among the participants was that, despite the absence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, the war had still been justified on humanitarian grounds.

In his book The Good Fight, published in 2006, Beinart renounced his prior support for the Iraq War, saying, "I was too quick to give up on containment, too quick to think time was on Saddam's side."

The Clash of Civilizations

The Clash of Civilizations is a theory, proposed by political scientist Samuel P. Huntington, that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold Warworld.

The theory was originally formulated in a 1992 lecture at the American Enterprise Institute, which was then developed in a 1993 Foreign Affairs article titled "The Clash of Civilizations?",in response to Francis Fukuyama's 1992 book, The End of History and the Last Man. Huntington later expanded his thesis in a 1996 book The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order.

The term itself was first used by Bernard Lewis in an article in the September 1990 issue of The Atlantic Monthly titled The Roots of Muslim Rage.

Former Iranian president Mohammad Khatami introduced the idea of Dialogue Among Civilizationsas a response to the theory of Clash of Civilizations. The term "Dialogue among Civilizations" became more known after the United Nations adopted a resolution to name the year 2001 as the year of Dialogue among Civilizations.

Conspiracy theories

List of conspiracy theories

Core topics

Cabal · Conspiracy (civil) · Conspiracy (crime) · Conspiracy fiction · Conspiracy (political) ·

Psychology

Attitude polarization · Cognitive dissonance · Communal reinforcement · Confirmation bias · Locus of control · Paranoia · Psychological projection

Manmade or
accidental deaths

Assassination	Eric V of Denmark (1286) · Princes in the Tower (1483) · Abraham Lincoln (1865) · Franz Ferdinand (1914) · Phar Lap (1932) · Sergey Kirov (1934) · Joseph Stalin (1953) ·Dag Hammarskjöld (1961) · Marilyn Monroe (1962) · John F. Kennedy (1963) · Malcolm X (1965) · Robert F. Kennedy (1968) · Martin Luther King Jr. (1968) · Juscelino Kubitschek (1976) ·Pope John Paul I (1978) · Olof Palme (1986) · Zia-ul-Haq (1988) · Kurt Cobain (1994) · Yitzhak Rabin (1995) · Diana, Princess of Wales (1997) · Aaliyah (2001) · David Kelly (2003) ·Alexander Litvinenko (2006) · Benazir Bhutto (2007)

False flag	Sinking of the USS Maine (1898) · Sinking of the RMS Lusitania (1915) · Reichstag fire (1933) · Operation Gladio · USS Liberty incident (1967) · Pan Am Flight 103 (1988) ·Oklahoma City bombing (1995) · Port Arthur massacre (1996) · TWA Flight 800 (1996) · Russian apartment bombings (1999) · 9/11 attacks (Advance knowledge · WTC collapse) ·Madrid train bombing (2004) · London bombings (2005)

Other atrocities and catastrophes	Armenian genocide denial · Titanic alternative theories (1912) · Holocaust denial · Jonestown (1978) · Satanic ritual abuse (Blood libel) · Estonia ferry sinking (1994) ·Columbine High School massacre (1999)

Elizabethan Era

Babington Plot · Bye Plot · Essex Rebellion · Gowrie conspiracy · Gunpowder Plot · Main Plot · Ridolfi plot · Throckmorton Plot

New World Order

Bilderberg Group · Black helicopters · Bohemian Grove · Club of Rome · Council on Foreign Relations · The Fellowship · Illuminati · Judaeo-Masonic-Marxist plot · The Protocols of the Elders of Zion ·Freemasons · North American Union · ODESSA · Skull and Bones · Trilateral Commission

UFO

General	Alien abduction · Area 51 · Bermuda Triangle · Majestic 12 · Men in Black · Project Serpo · Reptilians

Incidents	List of alleged UFO crashes · Tunguska event (1908) · Ghost rockets (1946) · Roswell incident (1947) · Mantell incident (1948) · Rendlesham Forest incident (1980) · Phoenix Lights (1997)

U.S. Government

Apollo moon landing (1969) · Barack Obama's citizenship / religion · CIA drug trafficking · CIA-Kennedy assassination link · CIA-Osama bin Laden link · Dulles' Plan · HAARP · Montauk Project ·October surprise (1980) · Philadelphia Experiment (1943) · Redemption movement · Vast right-wing conspiracy · Vietnam War POW/MIA issue · Waco Siege (1993)

Health, energy,
environment

AIDS origins · AIDS denialism · Chemtrails · Fluoridation conspiracy · Mind control · New Coke (1985) · SARS (2003) · Free energy suppression · Global warming

Other

2012 phenomenon (Nibiru collision) · Bible conspiracy theory · Dominionism · Gay/Lavender Mafia · Homintern · Jesuit conspiracy · Overthrow of Sukarno (1966) · Paul McCartney's death (1966) · Scottish mafia ·Soviet space program (1957–1966) · Elvis Presley's survival (1977) · Vela Incident (1979) · George Soros

Proven
true

Dreyfus affair (1894) · Affaire Des Fiches (1904–1905) · Gleiwitz incident (1939) · Operation Ajax (1953) · Lavon Affair (1954) · Operation Northwoods (1962) · Watergate (1972) · Project MKULTRA (1975) ·COINTELPRO · Operation INFEKTION · Operation Mockingbird · Iran-Contra affair (1986) · Swiss secret files scandal (1989) · Niger uranium forgeries (2001)

Average Solar Altitude at Noon = 90 - l degrees
Highest Solar Altitude at Noon = 90 - l + 23.5 degrees
Lowest Solar Altitude at Noon = 90 - l- 23.5 degrees

Star NameDeclinationSirius-16.5°Vega+38.5°Betelgeux+07.5°Alpha Centauri-60.5°Polaris+89.5°

Date	Declination of the Sun
21 March	00.0°
21 June	+23.5°
23 September	00.0°
21 December	-23.5°
21 March	00.0°

Γνώση-Σοφία-Μύηση

Γνώση : αυτό που μπορούμε να επαληθεύσουμε με πείραμα.
Είναι η επιτομή των τεχνών και των επιστημών.
Είναι η μορφή των πραγμάτων.
Είναι η επιστήμη της Ύλης.

Σοφία : αφορά την ουσία των πραγμάτων.
Είναι η ενορατική σύλληψη της αλήθειας.
Είναι η επιστήμη του Πνεύματος.

Μύηση : κάνω μία αρχή ή εισέρχομαι σε κάτι.
Εισέρχομαι σε μιά νέα φάση αυτής της ζωής ή
εισέρχομαι στην Πνευματική Ζωή.
Διευρύνω τη συνείδηση μου.

Πυθαγόρειος Ηθική

Η Παρόρμηση για τη Γνώση

Η παρόρμηση για τη Γνώση οδηγεί στην Απόφαση για την απόκτηση της Πρώτης Γνώσης και την είσοδο στην Ατραπό.

Το επίπεδο της Συνείδησης που έχει επιτευχθεί μέχρι την είσοδο στην Ατραπό,χρησιμοποιείται για περαιτέρω πραγματοποιήσεις.

Η αντίληψη και η κατανόηση των δυσκολιών που εμποδίζουν την αληθινή γνώση και την πνευματική
άνοδο,οδηγεί στην εξουδετέρωσης τους.

Η ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΑ ΓΕΝΝΗΘΗΚΕ
από την ανάγκη του ανθρώπου να βάλει τάξη στον κόσμο που τον περιτριγυρίζει και ΝΑ ΟΡΙΣΕΙ ΤΗ ΔΙΚΗ ΤΟΥ ΘΕΣΗ μέσα σ'συτόν.

Η ΔΙΑΝΟΗΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ
είναι μία ακοίμητη περιέργεια,μία δίψα να εξετάσει και να μάθει.
Ο ΝΟΥΣ
έχει την ικανότητα να δουλεύει πιο πέρα απ'τις εντυπώσεις που προμηθεύουν τα αισθητήρια όργανα,να τις συγκρίνει,να βρίσκει ομοιότητες ή σχέσεις ανάμεσα τους,να τις χωρίζει σε ομάδες.Βρίσκει τα κρυμμένα,δηλαδή,τα αίτια και τ'αποτελέσματα.

ΟΙ ΕΠΤΑ ΑΡΕΤΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΕΠΙΔΙΩΚΟΥΜΕ

The Gang of Seven.Third Reich

ΌΛΑ ΤΑ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΈΣΜΑΤΑTrials of German Major War Criminals: Volume 14

... what the Hitler Youth did, what names they called him, and it says there were seven Hitler ... In another line, "He gave the gang and the Jew a kick." And then your Party Youth ...
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Books Third Reich
Märkische Allgemeine 'Fest has already put the Führer's gang in its place, in his ... Seven Hitler-youth, who've been stuck into Wehrmacht uniforms, are deployed to defend a bridge ...
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The Avalon Project : Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 14
Proceedings of the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials ... ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-EIGHTH DAY Friday, 24 May 1946 Morning Session [The Defendant Von Schirach resumed the stand.]
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The Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux

his tiny illuminated manuscript was made between 1324 and 1328 for Jeanne d'Evreux, queen of France, who died in 1371. (You can see her on the left, reading, as she kneels in the archway.) It is almost certain that her husband, King Charles IV (1294–1328), commissioned the book from the artist Jean Pucelle. A Book of Hours such as this contains prayers to be recited eight times each day, mimicking the long-established practice of monks and nuns. This manuscript contains two different cycles of prayers, or offices; one set is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and the other to Louis IX, the sainted king of France (1214–1270) and Jeanne d'Evreux's great-grandfather. The offices are composed around the Psalms of King David, and include hymns, standard prayers, and special lessons about the life of Saint Louis, with the Penitential Psalms at the end. In addition, a calendar is inserted at the beginning of the book.

Next

Jeanne d'Evreux, queen of France

Illuminated Manuscripts

Religious Calendar

The Hours of the Virgin

The Hours of Saint Louis

PoS GM

The Dossiers Secrets asserted that the Priory of Sion and the Knights Templar always shared the same Grand Master until a schism occurred during the "Cutting of the elm" incident in 1188. Following that event, the Grand Masters of the Priory of Sion are listed in French as being:

Jean de Gisors (1188–1220)
Marie de Saint-Clair (1220–1266)
Guillaume de Gisors (1266–1307)
Edouard de Bar (1307–1336)
Jeanne de Bar (1336–1351)
Jean de Saint-Clair (1351–1366)
Blanche d'Evreux (1366–1398)
Nicolas Flamel (1398–1418)
René d'Anjou (1418–1480)
Iolande de Bar (1480–1483)
Sandro Filipepi (1483–1510)
Léonard de Vinci (1510–1519)
Connétable de Bourbon (1519–1527)
Ferdinand de Gonzague (1527–1575)
Louis de Nevers (1575–1595)
Robert Fludd (1595–1637)
J. Valentin Andrea (1637–1654)
Robert Boyle (1654–1691)
Isaac Newton (1691–1727)
Charles Radclyffe (1727–1746)
Charles de Lorraine (1746–1780)
Maximilian de Lorraine (1780–1801)
Charles Nodier (1801–1844)
Victor Hugo (1844–1885)
Claude Debussy (1885–1918)
Jean Cocteau (1918–1963)

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El Salvador	Cara Sucia · Joya de Cerén · San Andrés · Tazumal

See also: Pre-Columbian

Knights

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Duncan's Ritual

This book presents details of Masonic initiation rituals, along with grips, passwords and regalia. Written in the 19th century, Duncan's Ritual, as it is known, has been republished numerous times. It includes the three basic degrees of the Ancient York Rite, and four additional advanced degrees. There are over a hundred illustrations, all reproduced here, which show important details of the rituals, including gestures and symbolic pictures. Duncan's Ritual is careful to note known variations where they exist. This book will be of interest to beginning Masons who want a roadmap of the craft, as well as experienced Masons who need a review.

Title Page
Preface
Entered Apprentice, or First Degrees
Fellow Craft, or Second Degree
Master Mason, or Third Degree
Mark Master, or Fourth Degree
Past Master, or Fifth Degree
Most Excellent Master, or Sixth Degree
Royal Arch, or Seventh Degree
Extracts from a Dictionary of Masonry
Appendix

The Qabalistic and Thelemic Works of Frater Achad

The lamen of Frater Achad

The complete published works of Frater Achad, the magical motto of Charles Stansfield Jones, cabalist extraordinaire.

Charles Stansfeld Jones (1886-1950) was an early aspirant to A∴A∴ (the 20th to be admitted as a Probationer, in December 1909) who “claimed” the grade of Magister Templi as a Neophyte. He also became an O.T.O. initiate, serving as the principal organizer for that order in British Columbia. He worked under a variety of mottos and mantonyms, including V.I.O. (Unus in Omnibus, “One in All,” as an A∴A∴ Probationer), O.I.V.V.I.O., V.I.O.O.I.V., Parzival (as an Adeptus Minor and O.T.O. Ninth Degree), and Tantalus Leucocephalus (as Tenth Degree O.T.O.), but he is best known under his Neophyte motto Achad (Hebr. “unity”), which he used as a byline in his various published writings.
— From “Charles Stansfield Jones” on Thelemapedia

This material presented here is updated from Norton’s Imperium also in The Hermetic Library. Previously, this material was several levels deep on the site, but this Frater Achad material deserves to be a featured part of the collection.

QBL, or The Bride's Reception (PDF)

A basic primer on the Tree of Life from a Thelemic viewpoint. The appendix contains the magickal records of Achad's discovery of his "Restored" Tree of Life.
See also: Q.B.L. or The Bride's Reception: Being A Qabalistic Treatise on the Nature and Use of the Tree of Life

The Egyptian Revival (PDF)

A detailed examination of Frater Achad's "Restored" Tree of Life, its justification in past cabalistic writings, and its relation to Thelemic symbolism. Contains many ideas later adopted (without credit) by other writers.
See also: Egyptian Revival or the Ever-Coming Son in the Light of the Tarot

The Anatomy of the Body of God (PDF)

Achad's magnum opus on cabalistic geometry.
See also: Anatomy of the Body of God

Crystal Vision Through Crystal Gazing (PDF)

The good Frater's classic monograph on this traditional method of scrying and its transformation into higher forms of spiritual vision. Lots of good advice for anyone learning or using any method of scrying.
See also: Crystal Vision Through Crystal Gazing

The Chalice of Ecstasy (PDF)

An analysis of Wagner's Parzival as it relates to the Path of Initiation and Thelema.

Liber 31 (PDF)

The magickal record of Achad's discovery of the Key of Liber AL vel Legis
See also: Liber Thirty-One

31 Hymns to the Star Goddess (PDF)

Prose "verses" to NUIT, in the style of Crowley's Book of Lies. Not great literature, but with some useful content.

INRI

Concerning the symbolism of the Rose and Cross.

Liber QNA

Concerning Names of God.

The Conjuration of Kronos

An invocation of Binah in the Golden Dawn style, thought to be written by Frater Achad.

Additional Notes on Liber Al vel Legis

Comments on Chapter 1, vv. 45-48.

Stepping Out of the Old Æon Into the New

An astronomical metaphor.

New Aeon Test Questions

Achad's Test Questions for the three "grades" of Liber AL.

Previously unpublished works by Frater Achad

Through the efforts of Frater 117 of Yggdrasil Camp, O.T.O. and Bishop T. Allen Greenfield, a number of new articles by Frater Achad were released to the public. These articles were first published (along with commentary and annotations by Bishop Greenfield) in Mjölnir, a quarterly journal from Yggdrasil Camp. (Note: The PDFs of the journal were linked to but not stored here, and there is no HTML version of the first work in The Hermetic Library.)

The Treasure House of Achad

An introduction to this series of Achad works by T. Allen Greenfield. From Mjölnir vol. 1, no. 1.

Belief vs. Knowledge

An essay contrasting religious belief with direct spiritual experience. From Mjölnir vol. 1, no. 2.

Mirrors of Life

Concerning subjective relativism and freedom of awareness. From Mjölnir vol. 1, no. 3.

Freedom

Concerning the enjoyment of life and living. From Mjölnir vol. 1, no. 4.

Untitled Letter to the Universal Brotherhood

Concerning Right Knowledge. From Mjölnir vol.2 no. 4.

Thinking Backwards

Concerning Crowley's method of discovering "past lives". From Mjölnir vol. 2 no. 3.

Nothing

Concerning the abandonment of all finite characteristics. From Mjölnir v2 no. 1.

Achad's Lamen

Achad's Pantacle

Test Yourself

Anger Test - Abridged Is your temper under control? Take Test	Anxiety Do stress and anxiety interfere with your life? Take Test
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Do I Need Therapy? Learn if a psychologist is right for you. Take Test	Does worrying affect your health? Find out if your fretting is taking a toll. Take Test

Global Issues

CIA and Clandestine Ops, Project Memorandum, Gary Schmitt, October 13, 2005Are We Safer?, Gary Schmitt, Dallas Morning News, September 11, 2005Men Without a Country, Ellen Bork, The Weekly Standard, August 15, 2005U.S. Policy on Uzbekistan, Project Memorandum, Daniel McKivergan, June 14, 2005Bolton, the Times, and Unreported Emails, Project Memorandum, Gary Schmitt, April 25, 2005Bolton: Character Assassination, Project Memorandum, William Kristol, April 13, 2005Iran's "Right" to a Nuclear Program, Project Memorandum, Gary Schmitt, March 16, 2005End the Genocide Now, William Kristol and Vance Serchuk, Washington Post , August 22, 2004Terrorism in Beslan, William Kristol, Financial Times, August 9, 2004Backtracking on Proliferation?, Project Memorandum, Gary Schmitt, May 26, 2004Energetic America, Lewis E. Lehrman, Weekly Standard, September 23, 2003Power & Duty: U.S. Action is Crucial to Maintaining World Order, Gary Schmitt, Los Angeles Times, March 23, 2003Multilateralism, American Style, Robert Kagan, Washington Post, September 13, 2002Europeans Courting International Disaster, Robert Kagan, Washington Post, June 30, 2002International Criminal Court, Project Memorandum, Gary Schmitt, January 2, 2001Summary of Statement Before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, John Bolton, January 2001Project Memorandum, Gary Schmitt, October 13, 2000Springtime for Dictators, Robert Kagan, Washington Post, June 25, 2000International Criminal Court, Project Memorandum, Gary Schmitt, June 14, 2000A World of Problems, Robert Kagan, Washington Post, April 10, 2000Russian Psychobabble David Kramer, Washington Times, March 1, 2000Project Memorandum, Mark Lagon, June 23, 1999Indonesia and Democracy, Charles Horner, Project Memorandum, June 1999Sanctions, Project Memorandum, Gary Schmitt, January 13, 1999Project Memorandum, Gary Schmitt, July 29, 1998After the Indian Tests: Sanctions for India and China, Henry Sokolski and Tim Hoyt, Project Memorandum, May 1998IMF, Congress and American Economic Leadership, Project Memorandum, Gary Schmitt, March 12, 1998Getting Our Dollars' Worth: The IMF and Sound Capital Investment Practices for the 21st Century, Lawrence B. Lindsey, Project Memorandum, March 1998

The 100 Greatest Films

100 Greatest Films

Selection Criteria for Greatest Films

100 "Greatest Films" (alphabetical by title)
- Index *
- Part 1
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- Part 3
- Part 4
- Part 5
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- Part 7
- Part 8
Another 100 "Greatest Films" (alphabetical)
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Third 100 "Greatest Films" (alphabetical)
- Index *
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- Part 3
- Part 4
- Part 5
- Part 6
- Part 7
- Part 8
200 Greatest Films (chronological listing of top two lists)
300 Greatest Films (chronological listing of three lists)
Quick Links: All-Film Titles Index (alphabetical by title)
- A-G
- H-N
- O-Z

* Click here to try NOAA's New Solar Calculator *

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Azimuth is measured in degrees clockwise from north. Elevation is measured in degrees up from the horizon. Az & El both report dark after astronomical twilight.

Form B - Locations Worldwide

Observatory

Welcome to the web pages of the Astronomical Applications Department of the U.S. Naval Observatory. Our products - almanacs, software, and web services - provide precise astronomical data for practical applications, serving the defense, scientific, commercial, and civilian communities.

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Acts of Kindness Charity, Helping People, Caring for Animals, Chesed		Biblical Figures People from the Bible [Tanach]
Blessings and Prayers For Daily and Special Occasions		Calendar Issues Calendar Calculation, Fast Days, Holidays, Shabbat
Clothing and Grooming Styles of Dress, Clothing Materials, Special Garments		Communication Issues in Proper Speech
Death and Mourning Death, Life After Death, The Supernatural		Determining Law General Principles, Loopholes, Mitigating Factors
Dwellings Issues in Owning a Home		Family Issues Marriage, Child-Rearing, Sexuality
Food and Agriculture Farming, Animal Husbandry, Kashrut		Ideology Theological Issues, Issues in Idolatry
Israel The Land, The Cities of Israel, The Mitzvot		Legal System Court Structure, Court Powers, Case Procedure
Ritual Purity Tumah and Taharah - Purity and Impurity		Secular Wisdom Humanities and Sciences
Special People/Animals Social Classes, Positions of Power, Unique Creatures		Supernatural Issues Angels, Demons and the Paranormal
The Temple Beit haMikdash, Offerings, Hekdesh [Sanctified Property]		Torah The Books of the Torah, Torah Scholars
Torah Study The Mitzvah; Methods of Study; Hermeneutics		Transactions and Torts Property Ownership & Acquisition; Laws of Damages

Modern forms of Esoteric Christianity

Many modern Esoteric Christian movements admit reincarnation among their beliefs, as well as a complex energetic structure for the human being (such as etheric body, astral body,mental body and causal body). These movements point out the need of an inner spiritual work which will lead to the renewal of the human person according to the Pauline sense. Max Heindel and Rudolf Steiner gave several spiritual exercises in their writings to help the evolution of the follower. In the same direction are Tommaso Palamidessi's writings, which aim at developing ascetic techniques and meditations. According to all of these esoteric scholars, the ensemble of these techniques (often related with Eastern meditation practices such aschakra meditation or visualization) will lead to salvation and to the total renewal of the human being. This process usually implies the constitution of a spiritual body apt to the experience ofresurrection (and therefore called, in Christian terms, resurrection body).^[21]^[22]^[23] Some Esoteric Christians today also incorporate New Age and traditional "magical" practices in their beliefs, such as Qabalah, theurgy, goetia, alchemy, astrology, and hermetism.

Esoteric Buddhism

Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite (18th Degree) of Freemasonry

"There can be no question of the intimate Christian character and design of the Degree (...) In the Rites and Ceremonies of this Degree, we have presented a Third Temple, successor to both the Temple of King Solomon and to the Temple of Zerubbabel -- the spiritual Temple, the building of which is the ultimate objective of Freemasonry. The Wisdom, Strength, Beauty which supported the ancient Temple are replaced by the Christian pillars of Faith, Hope and Charity; the great Lights remain, for they are not only the essence of Freemasonry, but also fundamentals in their symbolic truths and in the realities of some in the building of true character; the three lesser lights give way to thirty-three, which to most interpreters represent the thirty-three years of the Messiah's sojourn on the earth."

"then as "PHREE MESSEN" or children of light they are instructed in methods of building a new temple without sound of hammer, and when the spirit realizes that it is far from its heavenly home, a prodigal, feeding upon the unsatisfactory husks of the material world, that apart from the Father it is "POOR, NAKED AND BLIND," when it knocks at the door of a mystic temple like that of the Rosicrucians and asks for light, when it receives the desired instruction after due qualification by building and ethereal soul-body, a temple or house eternal in the heavens, not made with hands, and without sound of hammer, when its nakedness is clothed with that house (see Cor. 4.5,) then the neophyte receives "THE WORD," the open sesame to the inner worlds and learns to travel in foreign parts in the invisible worlds. There he takes soul-flights into heavenly region and qualifies for higher degrees under more direct instruction from THE GRAND ARCHITECT OF THE UNIVERSE, who fashioned both heaven and earth. (...) There are 3x3 degrees in the lesser Mysteries; when the candidate has passed the 9th Arch [18/33], he is in the Holy of Holies, which forms the gate to greater fields beyond the scope of Masonry."

Astrological age, Age of Aquarius
Christ (concept), Second Coming
God and the scheme of evolution
Sophia (wisdom)
^ Western Esotericism and the Science of Religion: Selected Papers Presented at the 17th Congress

^ ^a ^b Besant, Annie (2001). Esoteric Christianity or the Lesser Mysteries. City: Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 9781402100291.
^ From the Greek ἐσωτερικός (esôterikos, "inner"). The term esotericism itself was coined in the 17th century. (Oxford English Dictionary Compact Edition, Volume 1,Oxford University Press, 1971, p. 894.)
^ Wouter J. Hanegraaff, Antoine Faivre, Roelof van den Broek, Jean-Pierre Brach, Dictionary of Gnosis & Western Esotericism, Brill 2005.
^ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary: esotericism
^ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary: esoteric
^ Cf. Matthew 16:16
^ ^a ^b G.G. Stroumsa, Hidden Wisdom: Esoteric Traditions and the Roots of Christian Mysticism, 2005.
^ The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume X. Published 1911
^ Tommaso Palamidessi, Introduction to Major and Minor Mysteries, ed. Archeosofica, 1971
^ Frommann, De Disciplina Arcani in vetere Ecclesia christiana obticuisse fertur, Jena 1833.
^ E. Hatch, The Influence of Greek Ideas and Usages upon the Christian Church, London, 1890, Chapter 10.
^ Jean Danielou, Origen, translated by Walter Mitchell, 1955.
^ Haer., lxiv.63
^ Catholic Answers, Quotes by Church Fathers Against Reincarnation, 2004.
^ John S. Uebersax, Early Christianity and Reincarnation: Modern Misrepresentation of Quotes by Origen, 2006.
^ See Reincarnation and Christianity
^ Archeosofica, Articles on Esoteric Christianity (classical authors)
^ Antoine Faivre, L'ésotérisme, Paris, PUF (« Que sais-je?»), 1992.
^ Weber, Charles, Rosicrucianism and Christianity in Rays from the Rose Cross, 1995
^ Rudolf Steiner, Christianity As Mystical Fact, Steinerbooks.
^ Tommaso Palamidessi, The Guardians of the Thresholds and the Evolutionary Way, Archeosofica, 1978.
^ Max Heindel, The Mystical Interpretation of Easter, Rosicrucian Fellowship.
^ Secrets of the Magical Grimoires
^ Phoenix Masonry Scottish Rite Rose Croix 18th Degree Jewel, 2000s
^ Heindel, Max, Freemasonry and Catholicism, ISBN 0-911274-04-9, 1910s

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Theological thought

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Esoteric Christianity | Esotericism | Christianity and the Greco-Roman world

The first true mystery story is considered to be The Murders in the Rue Morgue by Edgar Allan Poe (1841) then there follows The Woman in White (1860) by Wilkie Collins. Collins wrote several more in this genre, including The Moonstone (1868) which is thought to be his masterpiece. The genre began to expand near the turn of century with the development of dime novels and pulp magazines. Books were especially helpful to the genre with many authors writing in the genre in the 1920s. An important contribution to mystery fiction in the 1920s was the development of the juvenile mystery by Edward Stratemeyer. Stratemeyer originally developed and wrote the Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew mysteries written under the Franklin W. Dixon andCarolyn Keene pseudonyms, respectively (and later written by his daughter, Harriet S. Adams, and other authors). The 1920s also gave rise to one of the most popular mystery authors of all time, Agatha Christie. Christie's books are numerous, though her literary reputation has suffered.

The massive popularity of pulp magazines in the 1930s and 1940s only increased the interest in mystery fiction. Pulp magazines decreased in popularity in the 1950s with the rise of television so much that the numerous titles available then are reduced to two today (and those are Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine and Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine). The Detective fiction author Ellery Queen (pseudonym of authors Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee) is also credited with the continued interest in mystery fiction thanks to the namesake magazine which began in 1941.

Interest in mystery fiction continues to this day thanks to various television shows which have used mystery themes over the years and the many juvenile and adult novels which continue to be published and frequent the best seller lists. Also, there is some overlap with "thriller" or "suspense" novels and authors in those genres may consider themselves mystery novelists.

An organization for the authors of mystery, detective, and crime fiction was begun in 1945, called theMystery Writers of America. This popular genre has naturally made the leap into the online world, spawning countless websites devoted to every aspect of the genre, with even a few supposedly written by real detectives.

Universe Today Guide to the Constellations

The Universe Today Guide to the Messier Objects

110 Messier Objects,

from M1 (the Crab Nebula) to M110

(a satellite galaxy to Andromeda), and everything in between.

There's also a nice introduction to the Messier Objects, a guide to doing a Messier marathon, and suggestions for stretching your Messier marathon out to a week.

M1 – M2 – M3 – M4 – M5 – M6 – M7 – M8 – M9 – M10 – M11 – M12 – M13 – M14 – M15 – M16 – M17 – M18 – M19 – M20 – M21 – M22 – M23 – M24 – M25 – M26 – M27 – M28 – M29 – M30 – M31 –M32 – M33 – M34 – M35 – M36 – M37 – M38 – M39 – M40 – M41 – M42 – M43 – M44 – M45 – M46 – M47 – M48 – M49 – M50 – M51 – M52 – M53 – M54 – M55 – M56 – M57 – M58 – M59 – M60 –M61 – M62 – M63 – M64 – M65 – M66 – M67 – M68 – M69 – M70 – M71 – M72 – M73 – M74 – M75 – M76 – M77 – M78 – M79 – M80 – M81 – M82 – M83 – M84 – M85 – M86 – M87 – M88 – M89 –M90 – M91 – M92 – M93 – M94 – M95 – M96 – M97 – M98 – M99 – M100 – M101 – M102 – M103 – M104 – M105 – M106 – M107 – M108 – M109 – M110

astronomy

Universe Today

Greek Dialects - Where to Start
Lesbian Aeolic.
Choral Doric
Bucolic Doric
Meter and Recitation
- A general introduction to Greek meter (PDF)
- In Some Comments on the Epic Caesura I give a possible origin for the heroic hexameter, and then analyze the first 21 lines of Iliad A with special attention to the caesura.
- In Reciting the Heroic Hexameter I present one way to recite hexameters. The PDF has links to MP3 examples.
- The Error of Caragounis, a summary of some problems with C. Caragounis' notion that Ancient and Modern Greek are pronounced identically.
- A reference: Words with Digamma in Epic.
- Which word shapes go where: Localization in the Hexameter. On pp.53-57 of Chad Bochan's notes on iambic comp are localization tables for iambic trimeters.
- Epic dialect. As a consequence uncontracted verbs and augmentless aorists seem perfectly natural to me. Please do send me comments if you feel I've skipped over something that should be explained.
  - Alcaeus
  - Anacreon and Anacreontics
  - The Greek Anthology
  - Archilochus
  - Hesiod
  - Homer
  - Homeric Hymns
  - Ibycus
  - Mesomedes
  - Mimnermus
  - Pindar
  - Sappho
  - Simonides of Ceos
  - Solon
  - Theocritus
  - Theognis
  - Anonymous
  - καὶ τὰ λοιπά — random works that don't fit elsewhere
    Delectus Indelectatus: brief, cranky poems, mostly from the Anthology
    Menander, fragment 614 (em Portugeês).

Psychological warfare (PSYWAR), or the basic aspects of modern psychological operations (PSYOP, PSYOPS), have been known by many other names or terms, including Psy Ops, Political Warfare, “Hearts and Minds,” and evenPropaganda.[1] Various techniques are used, by any set of groups, and aimed to influence a target audience's valuesystems, belief systems, emotions, motives, reasoning, or behavior. It is used to induce confessions or reinforce attitudes and behaviors favorable to the originator's objectives, and are sometimes combined with black operations or false flagtactics. Target audiences can be governments, organizations, groups, and individuals.

The U.S. Department of Defense defines psychological warfare as:

"The planned use of propaganda and other psychological actions having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of hostile foreign groups in such a way as to support the achievement of national objectives."

During World War II the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff defined psychological warfare more broadly stating "Psychological warfare employs any weapon to influence the mind of the enemy. The weapons are psychological only in the effect they produce and not because of the weapons themselves."

Philosophy of Mathematics

Contents
1 History
1.1 20th century
2 Contemporary schools of thought
2.1 Mathematical realism
2.1.1 Platonism
2.1.2 Logicism
2.1.3 Empiricism
2.1.4 Formalism
2.2 Intuitionism
2.3 Constructivism
2.4 Embodied mind theories
2.4.1 New Empiricism
2.4.2 Aristotelian realism
2.5 Fictionalism
2.6 Social constructivism or social realism
2.7 Beyond the traditional schools
2.7.1 Quasi-empiricism
2.7.2 Unification
2.7.3 Language
3 Aesthetics
4 See also
4.1 Related works
4.2 Historical topics
5 Notes
6 Further reading
7 External links
7.1 Journals
The philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that studies the philosophical assumptions, foundations, and implications of mathematics. The aim of the philosophy of mathematics is to provide an account of the nature and methodology of mathematics and to understand the place of mathematics in people's lives. The logical and structural nature of mathematics itself makes this study both broad and unique among its philosophical counterparts.
Recurrent themes include:
What are the sources of mathematical subject matter?
What is the ontological status of mathematical entities?
What does it mean to refer to a mathematical object?
What is the character of a mathematical proposition?
What is the relation between logic and mathematics?
What is the role of hermeneutics in mathematics?
What kinds of inquiry play a role in mathematics?
What are the objectives of mathematical inquiry?
What gives mathematics its hold on experience?
What are the human traits behind mathematics?
What is mathematical beauty?
What is the source and nature of mathematical truth?
What is the relationship between the abstract world of mathematics and the material universe?
Is math an absolute and universal language?
The terms philosophy of mathematics and mathematical philosophy are frequently used as synonyms.The latter, however, may be used to mean at least three other things. One sense refers to a project of formalising a philosophical subject matter, say, aesthetics, ethics, logic, metaphysics, or theology, in a purportedly more exact and rigorous form, as for example the labours of Scholastic theologians, or the systematic aims of Leibniz and Spinoza. Another sense refers to the working philosophy of an individual practitioner or a like-minded community of practicing mathematicians. Additionally, some understand the term mathematical philosophy to be an allusion to the approach taken by Bertrand Russell in his book Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy.

The Eleven Virtues

Valoright action in the face of any challenge.

NobilityPoise and elegance in both word and deed.

DiscernmentPiercing all glamour to see the Truth in one's self and in

PrideHaving a true sense of one's worth.

CompassionThe vice of Kings!

FidelityLoyalty to one's self, one's comrades and to one's word.

PassionTo do all with love under will.

StrengthThe body is the Temple of God.

DisciplinePerseverance, that the Work may be accomplished.

Self RelianceOnly a free man may walk our path.

HospitalityTo share what one has with others, especially those far from home.

Theory

Core tenets	Nationalism · Imperialism · Authoritarianism · Single party state · Dictatorship · Social Darwinism · Social interventionism · Indoctrination · Propaganda · Anti-intellectualism · Eugenics · Heroism · Militarism ·Economic interventionism · Anti-communism

Topics	Definitions · Economics · Fascism and ideology · Fascism worldwide · Symbolism

Ideas	Actual Idealism · Class collaboration · Corporatism · Heroic capitalism · National Socialism · National syndicalism · State capitalism · State socialism · Supercapitalism · Third Position · Totalitarianism

[hide]

Movements

Africa	Greyshirts · Ossewabrandwag

Asia	Brit HaBirionim · Ganap Party ·

Western Europe	Action Française · Black Front (Netherlands) · Breton Social-National Workers' Movement · British Fascists · British People's Party (1939) · British Union of Fascists · La Cagoule ·Clerical People's Party · Estado Novo · Faisceau · Falange · Flemish National Union · General Dutch Fascist League · Imperial Fascist League · National Fascisti · National Front (Switzerland) ·Nationalist Party (Iceland) · National Socialist Dutch Workers Party · National Socialist League · National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands · National Socialist Movement of Norway ·National Syndicalists (Portugal) · National Union (Portugal) · New Party (UK) · Parti Populaire Français · Rexism

Central Europe	4th of August Regime · Arrow Cross Party · Austrian National Socialism · Fatherland's Front · Greater German People's Party · Greek National Socialist Party · Hungarian National Socialist Party ·Italian Fascism · Italian Social Republic · Nasjonal Samling · National Fascist Community · National Fascist Party · National Socialist Bloc · National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden) · Nazism ·Nazi Party · Pērkonkrusts · Sammarinese Fascist Party · Sudeten German Party · Ustaše · ZBOR

Eastern Europe	Albanian Fascist Party · Crusade of Romanianism · Iron Guard · Lapua Movement · National Fascist Movement · National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement ·National Social Movement (Bulgaria) · National Radical Camp · National Radical Camp Falanga · National Romanian Fascia · National Renaissance Front · Patriotic People's Movement (Finland) ·Romanian Front · Russian Fascist Party · Russian Women's Fascist Movement · Slovak People's Party · Union of Bulgarian National Legions

North America	Fascism in Canada · Canadian Union of Fascists · Parti national social chrétien · Red Shirts (Mexico) · Gold shirts · German American Bund · Silver Legion of America

South America	Falangism in Latin America · Brazilian Integralism · Bolivian Socialist Falange · National Socialist Movement of Chile

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People

Abba Ahimeir · Ion Antonescu · Sadao Araki · Zoltán Böszörmény · Corneliu Zelea Codreanu · Marcelo Caetano · Gustavs Celmiņš · Enrico Corradini · Marcel Déat · Léon Degrelle · Giovanni Gentile · · Heinrich Himmler ·Adolf Hitler · Ikki Kita · Dimitrije Ljotić · Arnold Leese · Ioannis Metaxas · Oswald Mosley · Benito Mussolini · Eoin O'Duffy · Ante Pavelić · William Dudley Pelley · Vidkun Quisling · José Antonio Primo de Rivera ·Konstantin Rodzaevsky · António de Oliveira Salazar · Plínio Salgado · Ferenc Szálasi · Anastasy Vonsyatsky

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Works

Sculpture	Allach (porcelain)

Film	Der Sieg des Glaubens · Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht · Triumph of the Will

Literature	The Doctrine of Fascism · Fascist manifesto · Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals · Mein Kampf · My Life · The Myth of the Twentieth Century · Revolt Against the Modern World · Zweites Buch ·Zaveshchanie russkogo fashista

Periodicals	La Conquista del Estado · Das Reich (newspaper) · Der Angriff · Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung · Deutsche Zeitung in Norwegen · Deutsche Zeitung in den Niederlanden · Figli d'Italia · Fronten ·Gândirea · Gioventù Fascista · Je suis partout · La france au travail · Münchener Beobachter · Novopress · NS Månedshefte · Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift · Das Schwarze Korps · Der Stürmer ·Il Popolo d'Italia · Sfarmă-Piatră · Signal (magazine) · Vlajka · Völkischer Beobachter

Related topics	Art of the Third Reich · Fascist architecture · Heroic realism · Nazi architecture · Nazism and cinema · Nazi plunder

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Organizations

Institutional	Ahnenerbe · Chamber of Fasci and Corporations · Grand Council of Fascism · Imperial Way Faction · Italian Nationalist Association · Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen · Quadrumvirs

Activist	German American Bund · Russian Fascist Organization · Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (boys) · Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (girls) · Union of Fascist Little Ones

Paramilitary	Albanian Militia · Black Brigades · Blackshirts · Blueshirts · Einsatzgruppen · Gold shirts · Greenshirts · Greyshirts · Hitler Youth · Heimwehr · Iron Wolf (Lithuania) · Red Shirts (Mexico) ·Silver Legion of America · Schutzstaffel · Sturmabteilung · Lăncieri · National Union (Portugal) · Makapili · Mocidade Portuguesa · Waffen-SS · Werwolf

International	Axis powers · NSDAP/AO · ODESSA

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History

1910s	Arditi · Fascio

1920s	Aventine Secession · Acerbo Law · March on Rome · Beer Hall Putsch · Italian economic battles

1930s	March of the Iron Will · 6 February 1934 crisis · 1934 Montreux Fascist conference

1940s	World War II · The Holocaust · Congress of Verona · Denazification · Nuremberg Trials

[hide] Lists

Anti-fascists · Books about Hitler · British fascist parties · Fascist movements by country (A-F · G-M · N-T · U-Z) · Nazi ideologues · Nazi leaders · Speeches by Hitler · SS personnel

[hide] Related topics

Anti-fascism · Anti-Nazi League · Christofascism · Clerical fascism · Cryptofascism · Ecofascism · Esoteric Nazism · Fascist (epithet) · Glossary of Nazi Germany · Hitler salute · Italianization · Italianization of South Tyrol ·Ku Klux Klan · Left-wing fascism · Neo-fascism · Neo-Nazism · Roman salute · Social fascism · Synarchism · Unite Against Fascism · Völkisch movement

Diagrams

A Survey of Venn Diagrams

Frank Ruskey and Mark Weston
Department of Computer Science
University of Victoria
Victoria, B.C. V8W 3P6
CANADA

Note: This is an updated version of a survey that first appeared as a Dynamic Survey in February, 1997, and was revised in 2001 and 2005. There is a summary of changes.

The purpose of these pages is to collect together various facts and figures about Venn diagrams, particularly as they relate to combinatorial and geometric properties of the diagrams. Aperiodic updates are planned and comments and suggestions are most welcome.

Organization

Who was John Venn?
- A painting of John Venn
What is a Venn diagram?
- Formal definition of Venn diagrams
  The Borromean Rings
- General constructions of Venn diagrams
Graphs associated with Venn diagrams.
- The planar dual of a Venn diagram
  Venn dual graphs of Venn's construction
- When are two Venn diagrams different?
  Separating vertices
- How many Venn diagrams are there?
- Extending Venn diagrams
  An irreducible diagram
- Minimum vertex Venn diagrams
  Minimum 5-Venn diagrams
- Congruent Venn diagrams
Symmetric Venn diagrams.
- Rotational Symmetry
  Symmetric diagrams for small n
- A general construction for symmetric diagrams
  Symmetric diagrams and necklaces
  Variants on Symmetry
  - Symmetry for non-prime n
  - Venn diagrams and Gray codes
    Gray codes and Edwards' construction
Geometric Variations.
- Convexity
  Six triangles
- Exposure
- Area-proportional diagrams
  Poly-Venn diagrams for 6 and 7 sets
Generalizations and Extensions of Venn diagrams.
- Relaxations of parameters
  k-fold 2-Venn diagrams
- Generalizing symmetry
- Euler diagrams
Open problems.
References.
Acknowledgements.
Footnotes.

The icon to the left appears on all the following pages. Clicking on it will bring you back to this page.

The 7-fold rosette at the top of the page is a Venn diagram for n = 7, called "Victoria." Find out more about it by going to the page on symmetric Venn diagrams for small n.

There are some Venn diagrams on the pages to follow that have not appeared before in the literature, in particular, most of the symmetric Venn diagrams for n=7.

Occult Path

Alchemy: Manfred M. Junius - Practical Handbook of Plant Alchemy. Frater Albertus - Alchemist's Handbook. Jean Dubuis - Spagyrics
Astrology: Rosicrucian Fellowship - Astrology Course, Donna Cuningham - Selected Topics in Chart Interpretation, Judith Bennett, Evangeline Adams - Astrology Your Place among the Stars
Buddhism: Dalai Lama - The Art of Happiness, Jan Westerhoff - Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka: A Philosophical Investigation, Taigen D. Leighton - Visions of Awakening Space and Time: Dogen and the Lotus Sutra, Bernard Faure - The Red Thread
Chaos Magic: Peter Carrol - Cthonos Rite, Phil Hine - Prime Chaos, David Michael Cunningham - Creating Magickal Entities: A Complete Guide to Entity Creation
Entheogens: Timothy Leary - The Delicious Grace Of Moving One's Hand, Mia Touw - The Religious and Medicinal Uses of Cannabis in China, India and Tibet, Terence McKenna - Alien Dreamtime, Philip H. Farber - Magick and Entheogens
Fourth Way: G.I. Gurdjieff - Beelzebubs Tales to His Grandson, P. D. Ouspensky - Psychology of Man's Possible Evolution, Keith Jarrett - Sacred Hymns of G.I. Gurdjieff
Grimoires: Abraham von Worms - The Book Of Abramelin, Andrew Chumbley - One - The Grimoire of the Golden Toad, Various Authors - A Picatrix Miscellany
Golden Dawn: Pat & Chris Zalewski - The Magical Tarot of The Golden Dawn, Pat Zalewski - Golden Dawn Rituals and Commentaries, Chic and Sandra Tabatha Cicero - Self-Initiation into the Golden Dawn Tradition, Israel Regardie - The Complete Golden Dawn System of Magic
Hinduism: Swami Vivekananda - Complete Works, John Dowson - A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology, T.S Ranganathan - See, Learn & Perform Sandhyavandanam
Qabalah: Kabballah Denning & Phillips - Entrance to the Magical Qabalah, Lon Milo Duquette- Qabalah for the Rest of Us, William Gray - Ladder of Lights
Lucid Dreams / Astral Projection: Tony Crisp - Lucid Dreaming, S. Laberge - A Course in Lucid Dreaming, Robert Monroe - Techniques for Astral Projection, Robert Bruce - Astral Dynamics
Rosicrucianism: Paul Foster Case - The True and Invisible Rosicrucian Order, Frances Yates - The Rosicrucian Enlightenment, Jennings Hargrave - The Rosicrucians
Satanism / Left-Hand Path: Michael A. Aquino - Temple Of Set, ONA - Naos: A Practical Guide to Modern Magick, Fraternitas Loki - Satan is Dead, Anton Szandor LaVey - The Satanic Mass
Tarot: Paul Foster Case - Tarot Fundamentals, Lon Milo DuQuette - Tarot Kabbalah & Oracles, P.D. Ouspensky - The Symbolism of the Tarot
Thelema: Theodor Reuss & Aleister Crowley - OTO Rituals & Magick, James Eschelman - The Mystical & Magical System of the A.'.A.'., The Equinox
Wicca: Rose Ariadne - Mastering The Magick Of Witchcraft, Cassadnra Eason - A Practical Guide to Witchcraft and Magick Spells, Scott Cunningham - Wicca A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner
Yoga / Tantra: David Gordon White - Kiss of the Yogini, Swami Janakananda - Experience Yoga Nidra, David Coulter - Anatomy of Hatha Yoga

ONOURIS

Greek name for the god Iniheret, 'He who has brought the far-off one', a name that refers to a late interpretation of certain myths. They tell how the eye of the sky god or sun god abandoned its owner and was then brought back by Onuris. This myth was merged with a similar story in which Onuris brings back the lioness Mehyt from the desert; together these two were long worshipped in This in the nome of Abydos. The Eye of Re was also regarded as a lioness and was then called Sakhmet, but could also be identified with Mehyt. Onuris was a hunter and warrior, who not only destroyed Egypt's enemies, but also those of the gods, such as Apophis. His weapons were a spear and a lasso. Texts from the New Kingdom call Onuris 'the god of gods', 'the king of the sky' and 'he who created himself', thus turning him into a creator and sun god. Onuris also formed associations with other gods in the pantheon, for example he was worshipped as Onuris-Shu. In another version of the story, it was Shu who brought back the Eye, this time as the goddess Tefnut, who in turn could be depicted as a lioness. The myths about the Eye gave Onuris some of the characteristics of Thoth, who healed the Eye of Horus. Onuris was also connected with the war god Montu, perhaps because he was also linked with yet another god, Horus ('with the strong arm'). Because of his characteristics as a fighter, the Greeks identified him with Ares. Representations show the god in human form, usually with a spear and a rope. Occasionally he has the head of a falcon. On his head are four tall feathers. The first evidence for a cult of Onuris comes from the Abydos region. In the Late Period, Nectanebo II built or rebuilt a temple of Onuris-Shu in Sebennytos in the Delta.

ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΙ ΛΙΘΟΙ - ΣΤΟΧΟΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΕΠΙΤΕΥΞΗ

Η Ισορροπία συναντά τη δημιουργικότητα,που είναι μία ανάγκη επενέργειας πάνω σε ανθρώπους και αγαθά,επiδίωξης σχεδίων με σκοπό τη δημιουργία ενός ήρεμου περιβάλλοντος όπου όλοι θα αισθανόμαστε καλά.

Η Ισορροπία θέτει ως αξία την συμπληρωματικότητα των δύο φύλων,που πρέπει να δουλέψουν μαζί,ο καθένας με βάσει τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά του :
ο άνδρας ο εκ φύσεως ισχυρός,αλλά συναισθηματικά ασταθής,και περισσότερο ευάλωτος στην τραγωδία,ενώ,
η γυναίκα,σωματικά αδυνατώτερη,αλλά πιο ισορροπημένη ψυχολογικά και λιγώτερο ευάλωτη.
Μέσα από μία σχέση Ισορροπημένης Δύναμης δεν παράγονται σύγκρούσεις.
Αυτή η ανάγκη δράσης επιτρέπει την αποφυγή ανίας,
σημαντικής πηγής προβλημάτων.

Η Αυτονομία σταθεροποιεί τη Συναισθηματική Ισορροπία :
μεγαλύτερη εμπιστοσύνη στον εαυτό,
αυτοσεβασμός που επιτρέπει τη θαρραλέα αντιμετώπιση των πιο σύνθετων προκλήσεων και των πιο μεγάλων δυσκολιών.

Η Γαλήνη είναι εσωτερική ειρήνη,εμπιστοσύνη στη ζωή :
σε πολύ στενή σχέση με τις δυνάμεις της φύσης.
Δεν είναι απαραίτητη η ερμηνεία και ο έλεγχος των πάντων : αποδέχομαι τις δυσκολίες και αφήνομαι να κατευθυνθώ από τη ζωή.
Δεν παλεύω ενάντια στη ζωή,δεν αγχώνομαι.
Αποδέχομαι και προχωρώ.
Ασχολούμαι με την ουσία,δεν αφήνω να με αγγίξουν οι λεπτομέρειες.

ΕΝΣΩΜΑΤΩΝΟΜΑΙ ΣΤΟ ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝ,
ΔΕΝ ΕΠΙΔΙΩΚΩ ΝΑ ΕΠΙΚΡΑΤΗΣΩ ΣΤΗ ΦΥΣΗ.

Η ικανότητα να αντλήσω από τη φύση την υπόσταση μου συμβάλλει στη σφυρηλάτηση της εμπιστοσύνης στον εαυτό μου και στη ζωή.
Αυτή η στάση εξαλείφει την επιθετικότητα και τη νευρικότητα.

Η Εμπιστοσύνη,που είναι ουσιώδης για να διατηρούν οι άνθρωποι ΕΙΛΙΚΡΙΝΕΙΣ ΣΧΕΣΕΙΣ,εξαφανίζεται εξαιτίας του νοσηρού ανταγωνισμού που διεισδύει παντού :
ο δόλος,η υποκρισία γίνονται συμπεριφορές της ύπαρξης,που μετατρέπουν την εμπιστοσύνη σε ελάττωμα.
Μαζί με την έλλειψη εμπιστοσύνης στους ανθρώπους εμφανίζεται η ΜΟΝΑΞΙΑ,δηλαδή το ΑΝΤΙΘΕΤΟ της ΑΛΛΗΛΕΓΓΥΗΣ.

Η Γαλήνη πολλαπλασιάζει τη δύναμη μου,που,
νικώντας το φόβο και την αμφιβολία,παραμένω ήρεμος.
Ακόμη κι όταν οι καταστάσεις είναι ενάντιες,
βρίσκομαι υπεράνω των φυσικών δυσκολιών και πόνων.
Η βεβαιότητα των δυσκολιών και του πόνου μου επιτρέπει να παρηγορώ τους πιο αδύναμους και αποπροσανατολισμένους : ο καρπός της αυτονομίας αποτελεί εξίσου πηγή ψυχολογικής ισορροπίας.
Μ'αυτή την έννοια η Γαλήνη λειτουργεί ταυτόχρονα ως καρπός της αυτονομίας και πηγή δύναμης.

Η Αλληλεγγύη αποτελεί σχεδόν θρησκεία :
η αλληλοβοήθεια είναι ο πρώτος μας κανόνας.
Η Αλληλεγγύη εκφράζει ένα σκοπό :
τη ΣΥΜΒΙΩΣΗ και τη ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΑ που βρίσκεται στο κέντρο της ύπαρξης μας.
Η Αλληλεγγύη για εμάς εγκλείει την αμοιβαία και χωρίς όρους υποστήριξη προς όλους,αυξάνοντας την αποτελεσματικότητα τους,χωρίς να δημιουργούμε ανταγωνισμούς.
Χαλαρώνουμε όταν περιτριγυριζόμαστε από συνανθρώπους,
δεν αποκτούμε τον αυτοσεβασμό μας παρά μόνο μέσω της επιδοκιμασίας του δίπλα μας κι ο πόνος κι οι δυσκολίες δεν έχει νόημα παρά μόνο σε σχέση με τους άλλους.
Αυτή η άρνηση της αντιμετώπισης της ζωής με τρόπο ατομικιστικό ανταποκρίνεται σε μιά οργάνωση όπου
ΚΑΘΕΝΑΣ ΕΥΘΥΝΕΤΑΙ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΑΛΛΟ,
όπου οι άνθρωποι είναι ολιγάριθμοι,επομένως ΠΟΛΥΤΙΜΟΙ.
Η Δύναμη του Χαρακτήρα μας προέρχεται απ'την ευθύνη της φροντίδας των άλλων.
Στην Αλληλεγγύη,η Αλληλοβοήθεια και το Μοίρασμα αντιτίθενται στον Εγω'ι'σμό και στον άκρατο Ατομικισμό.
Δεν εγκαταλείπω τους ανάπηρους γονείς μου σε ανώνυμα ιδρύματα ή σε ξενόφερτες ψευτο-γηροκόμες,ούτε τα πεταμένα στο δρόμο ή χτυπημένα ζώα,για να είμαι ελεύθερος να ζήσω τη ζωή μου.
Καλός ο Ουρανός,ας φτιάξω όμως πρώτα αυτά που είναι κοντά μου,δίπλα μου.Ας γίνω Αβατάρα αργότερα ή ας επιβραδύνω τη πνευματική μου εξέλιξη έστω και λίγο.
Αυτή η εικόνα ανακαλεί την αιώνια νεότητα μας,τις παιδικές μας κατασκηνώσεις,ως πεδίο προνομιακής άσκησης αυτής της αξίας : των αληθινών και αγνών ανθρωπίνων σχέσεων.

ΑΡΓΟΙ ΣΤΗ ΛΗΨΗ ΑΠΟΦΑΣΕΩΝ :
Η λήψη μιάς απόφασης σημαίνει,κατά κάποιο τρόπο,εμπλοκή στη ζωή των άλλων,που και θα υποστούν τις συνέπειες.
Σε περίπτωση διαφωνίας είναι το καλύτερο να περιμένω.
Περιμένω και συνήθως τα αποτελέσματα αποβαίνουν καθοριστικά.
Η ανάγκη ανοίγματος και κοινής συμφωνίας,που παρεμποδίζει την ταχεία λήψη αποφάσεων,αντιτίθεται στο δόλο,στον υπολογισμό και στην υποκρισία.

ΠΑΘΗΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ :
Δεν αντιδρώ στην πρόκληση με αντιπαράθεση.
Πιστεύω ότι μόνο οι δυστυχισμένοι άνθρωποι μπορούν να προκαλέσουν.
Πιστεύω ότι είναι καλύτερο να τους προσφέρω οτιδήποτε θέλουν.
Η αντιπαράθεση οδηγεί στο μίσος και στην απώλεια της Γαλήνης.
Η Παθητικότητα αντιπαρατίθεται στην Επιθετικότητα.

ΣΥΝΘΕΤΟΤΗΤΑ :
Οικονομία των λόγων.
Δεν μιλώ χωρίς λόγο.
Επιζητώ να φθάσω κατευθείαν στο ουσιώδες,
χωρίς να σταθώ σε λεπτομέρειες.
Αυτό μου επιτρέπει να έρχομαι σ'επαφή με μιά ΠΡΟΟΠΤΙΚΗ του ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ που οδηγεί στη Γαλήνη : δηλαδή,
ΟΛΙΣΤΙΚΗ ΣΥΛΛΗΨΗ των καταστάσεων.
Η επικέντρωση στις λεπτομέρειες οδηγεί στη μη συνειδητοποίηση των αποτελεσμάτων της πράξης και προκαλεί παρεξηγήσεις ή απώλεια της ουσίας της συζήτησης.
Η αναλυτική σκέψη χάνεται σε λεπτομέρειες και χάνει τον τελικό στόχο της προσπάθειας.

Μ'ΑΥΤΕΣ ΤΙΣ ΑΝΑΠΑΡΑΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΤΟ ΠΟΡΤΡΑΙΤΟ ΤΗΣ ΔΙΚΗΣ ΜΑΣ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑΣ,
ΜΙΑΣ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑΣ ΣΤΑΘΕΡΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΡΥΘΜΙΖΟΜΕΝΗΣ,
ΔΙΑΧΩΡΙΣΜΕΝΗΣ ΑΡΜΟΝΙΚΑ ΑΝΑΜΕΣΑ ΣΤΗ ΓΥΝΑΙΚΑ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΝ ΑΝΤΡΑ,
ΑΝΑΜΕΣΑ ΣΤΙΣ ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΕΑΥΤΟ -ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΙΑ- ΚΑΙ ΣΤΙΣ ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ ΣΥΛΛΟΓΙΚΟ -ΜΟΙΡΑΣΜΑ-.

ΟΛΟΙ ΟΙ ΟΡΟΙ ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΦΗΣ ΑΥΤΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑΣ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΘΕΤΙΚΟΙ ΚΑΙ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΖΟΝΤΑΙ ΘΕΜΕΛΙΑΚΑ ΣΤΟΝ ΕΑΥΤΟ.

Cosmopolitanism is the ideology that all human ethnic groups belong to a single community based on a shared morality. This is contrasted withcommunitarian and particularistic theories, especially the ideas of patriotism and nationalism.Cosmopolitanism may entail some sort of world government or it may simply refer to more inclusive moral, economic, and/or political relationships between nations or individuals of different nations. A person who adheres to the idea of cosmopolitanism in any of its forms is called cosmopolitan.
The cosmopolitan community might be based on an inclusive morality, a shared economic relationship, or a political structure that encompasses different nations. In its more positive versions, the cosmopolitan community is one in which individuals from different places (e.g nation-states) form relationships of mutual respect. As an example, Kwame Anthony Appiah suggests the possibility of a cosmopolitan community in which individuals from varying locations (physical, economic, etc.) enter relationships of mutual respect despite their differing beliefs (religious, political, etc.).
The word derives from Greek cosmos Κόσμος (the Universe) and polis Πόλις (city).

Marxist propaganda: 1949-1989
Speeches by GDR Leaders	Speeches on the Berlin Wall and more
Miscellaneous Propaganda	A variety of GDR propaganda
Visual Material	Wall propaganda material and posters
Material for Propagandists	What GDR propagandists were reading
Links	Links to other East German propaganda sites

	Essence of Veda
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