Ulaid Cycle
The Ulaid Cycle was also called the Ulster Cycle or Ultonian Cycle or even the Red Branch Cycle. The Ulaid cycle contained collection of stories concerning Ulster and the military order known as the House of the Red Branch. The cycle centered on the greatest hero in Celtic myths, Cú Chulainn (Cu Chulainn or Cuchulainn).
The main part of the Ulaid Cycle was set during the reigns of Conchobar in Ulaid (Ulster) and Queen Medb in Connacht (Connaught). They ruled two powerful neighbouring kingdoms (provinces). Ulaid Cycle was supposed to be contemporary to Christ (1st century BC) since Conchobar's death coincided with the day Jesus was crucified.
The Ulaid Cycle also includes the story of Conaire Mór, high king of Ireland, because he was contemporary to Conchobar and Medb (Maeve), but the scene took place in Tara. Also, the heroes Conall Cernach and Cormac, son of Conchobar, appeared as supporters and champions of the Conaire Mor.
Early History of Ulaid
Conaire Mór
Cú Chulainn
Genealogy:
Ulster Cycle (Ulster and Connacht)
---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Cycle----
The Ulster Cycle stories are set in and around the reign of king Conchobar mac Nessa, who rules the Ulaid from Emain Macha (now Navan Fort near Armagh). The most prominent hero of the cycle is Conchobar's nephew Cú Chulainn. The Ulaid are most often in conflict with the Connachta, led by their queen, Medb, her husband Ailill, and their ally Fergus mac Róich, a former king of the Ulaid in exile. The longest and most important story of the cycle is the Táin Bó Cúailnge or "Cattle Raid of Cooley", in which Medb raises an enormous army to invade the Cooley peninsula and steal the Ulaid's prize bull, Donn Cúailnge, opposed only by the seventeen year old Cú Chulainn. Perhaps the best known story is the tragedy of Deirdre, source of plays by W. B. Yeats and J. M. Synge. Other stories tell of the births, courtships and deaths of the characters and of the conflicts between them.
The stories are written in Old and Middle Irish, mostly in prose, interspersed with occasional verse passages. They are preserved in manuscripts of the 12th to 15th centuries, but in many cases are much older: the language of the earliest stories is dateable to the 8th century, and events and characters are referred to in poems dating to the 7th.[1] The tone is terse, violent, sometimes comic, and mostly realistic, although supernatural elements intrude from time to time. Cú Chulainn in particular has superhuman fighting skills, the result of his semi-divine ancestry, and when particularly aroused his battle frenzy or ríastrad transforms him into an unrecognisable monster who knows neither friend nor foe. Evident deities like Lugh, the Morrígan, Aengus and Midir also make occasional appearances.
Unlike the majority of early Irish historical tradition, which presents ancient Ireland as largely united under a succession of High Kings, the stories of the Ulster Cycle depict a country with no effective central authority, divided into local and provincial kingdoms often at war with each other. The civilisation depicted is a pagan, pastoral one ruled by a warrior aristocracy. Bonds between aristocratic families are cemented by fosterage of each other's children. Wealth is reckoned in cattle. Warfare mainly takes the form of cattle raids, or single combats between champions at fords. The characters' actions are sometimes restricted by religious taboos known as geasa.
The events of the cycle are traditionally supposed to take place around the time of Christ. The stories of Conchobar's birth and death are synchronised with the birth and death of Christ,[2] and the Lebor Gabála Érenn dates the Táin Bó Cúailnge and the birth and death of Cú Chulainn to the reign of the High King Conaire Mor, who it says was a contemporary of the Roman emperor Augustus (27 BC — AD 14).[3] However, some stories, including the Táin, refer to Cairbre Nia Fer as the king of Tara, implying that no High King is in place at the time.
The presence of the Connachta as the Ulaid's enemies is an apparent anachronism: the Connachta were traditionally said to have been the descendants of Conn Cétchathach, who is supposed to have lived several centuries later. Later stories use the name Cóiced Ol nEchmacht as an earlier name for the province of Connacht to get around this problem. However, the chronology of early Irish historical tradition is an artificial attempt by Christian monks to synchronise native traditions with classical and biblical history, and it is possible that historical wars between the Ulaid and the Connachta have been chronologically misplaced.[4]
Some scholars of the 19th and early 20th centuries, such as Eugene O'Curry and Kuno Meyer, believed that the stories and characters of the Ulster Cycle were essentially historical; T. F. O'Rahilly was inclined to believe the stories were entirely mythical and the characters euhemerised gods; and Ernst Windisch thought that the cycle, while largely imaginary, contains little genuine myth.[5] Elements of the tales are reminiscent of classical descriptions of Celtic societies in Gaul, Galatia and Britain. Warriors fight with swords, spears and shields, and ride in two-horse chariots, driven by skilled charioteers drawn from the lower classes.[6] They take and preserve the heads of slain enemies,[7] and boast of their valour at feasts, with the bravest awarded the curadmír or "champion's portion", the choicest cut of meat.[8] Kings are advised by druids (Old Irish druí, plural druíd), and poets have great power and privilege. These elements led scholars such as Kenneth H. Jackson to conclude that the stories of the Ulster Cycle preserved authentic Celtic traditions from the pre-Christian Iron Age.[9] Other scholars have challenged that conclusion, stressing similarities with early medieval Irish society and the influence of classical literature,[10] but it is likely that the stories do contain genuinely ancient material.
Εμφάνιση αναρτήσεων με ετικέτα Μυθολογία. Εμφάνιση όλων των αναρτήσεων
Εμφάνιση αναρτήσεων με ετικέτα Μυθολογία. Εμφάνιση όλων των αναρτήσεων
Six End-of-the-World Myths Debunked
2012 MYTH 1
Maya Predicted End of the World in 2012
The Maya calendar doesn't end in 2012, as some have said, and the ancients never viewed that year as the time of the end of the world, archaeologists say.
But December 21, 2012, (give or take a day) was nonetheless momentous to the Maya.
"It's the time when the largest grand cycle in the Mayan calendar—1,872,000 days or 5,125.37 years—overturns and a new cycle begins," said Anthony Aveni, a Maya expert and archaeoastronomer at Colgate University in Hamilton, New York.
The Maya kept time on a scale few other cultures have considered.
During the empire's heyday, the Maya invented the Long Count—a lengthy circular calendar that "transplanted the roots of Maya culture all the way back to creation itself," Aveni said.
During the 2012 winter solstice, time runs out on the current era of the Long Count calendar, which began at what the Maya saw as the dawn of the last creation period: August 11, 3114 B.C. The Maya wrote that date, which preceded their civilization by thousands of years, as Day Zero, or 13.0.0.0.0.
In December 2012 the lengthy era ends and the complicated, cyclical calendar will roll over again to Day Zero, beginning another enormous cycle.
"The idea is that time gets renewed, that the world gets renewed all over again—often after a period of stress—the same way we renew time on New Year's Day or even on Monday morning," said Aveni, author of The End of Time: The Maya Mystery of 2012.
2012 MYTH 2
Breakaway Continents Will Destroy Civilization
In some 2012 doomsday prophecies, the Earth becomes a deathtrap as it undergoes a "pole shift."
The planet's crust and mantle will suddenly shift, spinning around Earth's liquid-iron outer core like an orange's peel spinning around its fleshy fruit. (See what Einstein had to say about pole shifts.)
2012, the movie, envisions a Maya-predicted pole shift, triggered by an extreme gravitational pull on the planet—courtesy of a rare "galactic alignment"—and by massive solar radiation destabilizing the inner Earth by heating it.
Breakaway oceans and continents dump cities into the sea, thrust palm trees to the poles, and spawn earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and other disasters. (Interactive: pole shift theories illustrated.)
Scientists dismiss such drastic scenarios, but some researchers have speculated that a subtler shift could occur—for example, if the distribution of mass on or inside the planet changed radically, due to, say, the melting of ice caps.
Princeton University geologist Adam Maloof has extensively studied pole shifts, and tackles this 2012 myth in 2012: Countdown to Armageddon, a National Geographic Channel documentary airing Sunday, November 8. (The National Geographic Society owns National Geographic News and part-owns the National Geographic Channel.)
Maloof says magnetic evidence in rocks confirm that continents have undergone such drastic rearrangement, but the process took millions of years—slow enough that humanity wouldn't have felt the motion (quick guide to plate tectonics).
2012 MYTH 3
Galactic Alignment Spells Doom
Some sky-watchers believe 2012 will close with a "galactic alignment," which will occur for the first time in 26,000 years (for example, see the Web site Alignment 2012).
In this scenario, the path of the sun in the sky would appear to cross through what, from Earth, looks to be the midpoint of our galaxy, the Milky Way, which in good viewing conditions appears as a cloudy stripe across the night sky.
Some fear that the lineup will somehow expose Earth to powerful unknown galactic forces that will hasten its doom—perhaps through a "pole shift" (see above) or the stirring of the supermassive black hole at our galaxy's heart.
Others see the purported event in a positive light, as heralding the dawn of a new era in human consciousness.
NASA's Morrison has a different view.
"There is no 'galactic alignment' in 2012," he said, "or at least nothing out of the ordinary."
He explained that a type of "alignment" occurs during every winter solstice, when the sun, as seen from Earth, appears in the sky near what looks to be the midpoint of the Milky Way.
Horoscope writers may be excited by alignments, Morrison said. But "the reality is that alignments are of no interest to science. They mean nothing," he said. They create no changes in gravitational pull, solar radiation, planetary orbits, or anything else that would impact life on Earth.
The speculation over alignments isn't surprising, though, he said.
"Ordinary astronomical phenomena are imbued with a sense of threat by people who already think the world is going to end."
Regarding galactic alignments, University of Texas Maya expert David Stuart writes on his blog that "no ancient Maya text or artwork makes reference to anything of the kind."
Even so, the end date of the current Long Count cycle—winter solstice 2012—may be evidence of Maya astronomical skill, said Aveni, the archaeoastronomer.
"I don't rule out the likelihood that astronomy played a role" in the selection of 2012 as the cycle's terminus, he said.
Maya astronomers built observatories and, by observing the night skies and using mathematics, learned to accurately predict eclipses and other celestial phenomena. Aveni notes that the start date of the current cycle was likely tied to a solar zenith passage, when the sun crosses directly overhead, and its terminal date will fall on a December solstice, perhaps by design.
(Take a Maya Empire quiz.)
These choices, he said, may indicate that the Maya calendar is tied to seasonal agricultural cycles central to ancient survival.
2012 MYTH 4
Planet X Is on a Collision Course With Earth
Some say it's out there: a mysterious Planet X, aka Nibiru, on a collision course with Earth—or at least a disruptive flyby.
A direct hit would obliterate Earth, it's said. Even a near miss, some fear, could shower Earth with deadly asteroid impacts hurled our way by the planet's gravitational wake.
Could such an unknown planet really be headed our way in 2012, even just a little bit?
Well, no.
"There is no object out there," NASA astrobiologist Morrison said. "That's probably the most straightforward thing to say."
The origins of this theory actually predate widespread interest in 2012. Popularized in part by a woman who claims to receive messages from extraterrestrials, the Nibiru doomsday was originally predicted for 2003.
"If there were a planet or a brown dwarf or whatever that was going to be in the inner solar system three years from now, astronomers would have been studying it for the past decade and it would be visible to the naked eye by now," Morrison said.
"It's not there."
2012 MYTH 5
Solar Storms to Savage Earth
In some 2012 disaster scenarios, our own sun is the enemy.
Our friendly neighborhood star, it's rumored, will produce lethal eruptions of solar flares, turning up the heat on Earthlings.
Solar activity waxes and wanes according to approximately 11-year cycles. Big flares can indeed damage communications and other Earthly systems, but scientists have no indications the sun, at least in the short term, will unleash storms strong enough to fry the planet.
"As it turns out the sun isn't on schedule anyway," NASA astronomer Morrison said. "We expect that this cycle probably won't peak in 2012 but a year or two later." (See "Sun Oddly Quiet—Hints at Next 'Little Ice Age'?")
2012 MYTH 6
Maya Had Clear Predictions for 2012
If the Maya didn't expect the end of time in 2012, what exactly did they predict for that year?
Many scholars who've pored over the scattered evidence on Maya monuments say the empire didn't leave a clear record predicting that anything specific would happen in 2012.
The Maya did pass down a graphic—though undated—end-of-the-world scenario, described on the final page of a circa-1100 text known as the Dresden Codex. The document describes a world destroyed by flood, a scenario imagined in many cultures and probably experienced, on a less apocalyptic scale, by ancient peoples (more on the Dresden Codex).
Aveni, the archaeoastronomer, said the scenario is not meant to be read literally—but as a lesson about human behavior.
He likens the cycles to our own New Year period, when the closing of an era is accompanied by frenetic activities and stress, followed by a rebirth period, when many people take stock and resolve to begin living better.
In fact, Aveni says, the Maya weren't much for predictions.
"The whole timekeeping scale is very past directed, not future directed," he said. "What you read on these monuments of the Long Count are events that connected Maya rulers with ancestors and the divine.
"The farther back you can plant your roots in deep time the better argument you can make that you're legit," Aveni said. "And I think that's why these Maya rulers were using Long Count time.
"It's not about a fixed prediction about what's going to happen."
Maya Predicted End of the World in 2012
The Maya calendar doesn't end in 2012, as some have said, and the ancients never viewed that year as the time of the end of the world, archaeologists say.
But December 21, 2012, (give or take a day) was nonetheless momentous to the Maya.
"It's the time when the largest grand cycle in the Mayan calendar—1,872,000 days or 5,125.37 years—overturns and a new cycle begins," said Anthony Aveni, a Maya expert and archaeoastronomer at Colgate University in Hamilton, New York.
The Maya kept time on a scale few other cultures have considered.
During the empire's heyday, the Maya invented the Long Count—a lengthy circular calendar that "transplanted the roots of Maya culture all the way back to creation itself," Aveni said.
During the 2012 winter solstice, time runs out on the current era of the Long Count calendar, which began at what the Maya saw as the dawn of the last creation period: August 11, 3114 B.C. The Maya wrote that date, which preceded their civilization by thousands of years, as Day Zero, or 13.0.0.0.0.
In December 2012 the lengthy era ends and the complicated, cyclical calendar will roll over again to Day Zero, beginning another enormous cycle.
"The idea is that time gets renewed, that the world gets renewed all over again—often after a period of stress—the same way we renew time on New Year's Day or even on Monday morning," said Aveni, author of The End of Time: The Maya Mystery of 2012.
2012 MYTH 2
Breakaway Continents Will Destroy Civilization
In some 2012 doomsday prophecies, the Earth becomes a deathtrap as it undergoes a "pole shift."
The planet's crust and mantle will suddenly shift, spinning around Earth's liquid-iron outer core like an orange's peel spinning around its fleshy fruit. (See what Einstein had to say about pole shifts.)
2012, the movie, envisions a Maya-predicted pole shift, triggered by an extreme gravitational pull on the planet—courtesy of a rare "galactic alignment"—and by massive solar radiation destabilizing the inner Earth by heating it.
Breakaway oceans and continents dump cities into the sea, thrust palm trees to the poles, and spawn earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and other disasters. (Interactive: pole shift theories illustrated.)
Scientists dismiss such drastic scenarios, but some researchers have speculated that a subtler shift could occur—for example, if the distribution of mass on or inside the planet changed radically, due to, say, the melting of ice caps.
Princeton University geologist Adam Maloof has extensively studied pole shifts, and tackles this 2012 myth in 2012: Countdown to Armageddon, a National Geographic Channel documentary airing Sunday, November 8. (The National Geographic Society owns National Geographic News and part-owns the National Geographic Channel.)
Maloof says magnetic evidence in rocks confirm that continents have undergone such drastic rearrangement, but the process took millions of years—slow enough that humanity wouldn't have felt the motion (quick guide to plate tectonics).
2012 MYTH 3
Galactic Alignment Spells Doom
Some sky-watchers believe 2012 will close with a "galactic alignment," which will occur for the first time in 26,000 years (for example, see the Web site Alignment 2012).
In this scenario, the path of the sun in the sky would appear to cross through what, from Earth, looks to be the midpoint of our galaxy, the Milky Way, which in good viewing conditions appears as a cloudy stripe across the night sky.
Some fear that the lineup will somehow expose Earth to powerful unknown galactic forces that will hasten its doom—perhaps through a "pole shift" (see above) or the stirring of the supermassive black hole at our galaxy's heart.
Others see the purported event in a positive light, as heralding the dawn of a new era in human consciousness.
NASA's Morrison has a different view.
"There is no 'galactic alignment' in 2012," he said, "or at least nothing out of the ordinary."
He explained that a type of "alignment" occurs during every winter solstice, when the sun, as seen from Earth, appears in the sky near what looks to be the midpoint of the Milky Way.
Horoscope writers may be excited by alignments, Morrison said. But "the reality is that alignments are of no interest to science. They mean nothing," he said. They create no changes in gravitational pull, solar radiation, planetary orbits, or anything else that would impact life on Earth.
The speculation over alignments isn't surprising, though, he said.
"Ordinary astronomical phenomena are imbued with a sense of threat by people who already think the world is going to end."
Regarding galactic alignments, University of Texas Maya expert David Stuart writes on his blog that "no ancient Maya text or artwork makes reference to anything of the kind."
Even so, the end date of the current Long Count cycle—winter solstice 2012—may be evidence of Maya astronomical skill, said Aveni, the archaeoastronomer.
"I don't rule out the likelihood that astronomy played a role" in the selection of 2012 as the cycle's terminus, he said.
Maya astronomers built observatories and, by observing the night skies and using mathematics, learned to accurately predict eclipses and other celestial phenomena. Aveni notes that the start date of the current cycle was likely tied to a solar zenith passage, when the sun crosses directly overhead, and its terminal date will fall on a December solstice, perhaps by design.
(Take a Maya Empire quiz.)
These choices, he said, may indicate that the Maya calendar is tied to seasonal agricultural cycles central to ancient survival.
2012 MYTH 4
Planet X Is on a Collision Course With Earth
Some say it's out there: a mysterious Planet X, aka Nibiru, on a collision course with Earth—or at least a disruptive flyby.
A direct hit would obliterate Earth, it's said. Even a near miss, some fear, could shower Earth with deadly asteroid impacts hurled our way by the planet's gravitational wake.
Could such an unknown planet really be headed our way in 2012, even just a little bit?
Well, no.
"There is no object out there," NASA astrobiologist Morrison said. "That's probably the most straightforward thing to say."
The origins of this theory actually predate widespread interest in 2012. Popularized in part by a woman who claims to receive messages from extraterrestrials, the Nibiru doomsday was originally predicted for 2003.
"If there were a planet or a brown dwarf or whatever that was going to be in the inner solar system three years from now, astronomers would have been studying it for the past decade and it would be visible to the naked eye by now," Morrison said.
"It's not there."
2012 MYTH 5
Solar Storms to Savage Earth
In some 2012 disaster scenarios, our own sun is the enemy.
Our friendly neighborhood star, it's rumored, will produce lethal eruptions of solar flares, turning up the heat on Earthlings.
Solar activity waxes and wanes according to approximately 11-year cycles. Big flares can indeed damage communications and other Earthly systems, but scientists have no indications the sun, at least in the short term, will unleash storms strong enough to fry the planet.
"As it turns out the sun isn't on schedule anyway," NASA astronomer Morrison said. "We expect that this cycle probably won't peak in 2012 but a year or two later." (See "Sun Oddly Quiet—Hints at Next 'Little Ice Age'?")
2012 MYTH 6
Maya Had Clear Predictions for 2012
If the Maya didn't expect the end of time in 2012, what exactly did they predict for that year?
Many scholars who've pored over the scattered evidence on Maya monuments say the empire didn't leave a clear record predicting that anything specific would happen in 2012.
The Maya did pass down a graphic—though undated—end-of-the-world scenario, described on the final page of a circa-1100 text known as the Dresden Codex. The document describes a world destroyed by flood, a scenario imagined in many cultures and probably experienced, on a less apocalyptic scale, by ancient peoples (more on the Dresden Codex).
Aveni, the archaeoastronomer, said the scenario is not meant to be read literally—but as a lesson about human behavior.
He likens the cycles to our own New Year period, when the closing of an era is accompanied by frenetic activities and stress, followed by a rebirth period, when many people take stock and resolve to begin living better.
In fact, Aveni says, the Maya weren't much for predictions.
"The whole timekeeping scale is very past directed, not future directed," he said. "What you read on these monuments of the Long Count are events that connected Maya rulers with ancestors and the divine.
"The farther back you can plant your roots in deep time the better argument you can make that you're legit," Aveni said. "And I think that's why these Maya rulers were using Long Count time.
"It's not about a fixed prediction about what's going to happen."
Tlachtli,Τελετουργικό παιχνίδι μπάλας - Ollana,Ολμέκοι
..
Tlachtli είναι η ονομασία του γηπέδου στη γλώσσα Ναχουάτλ.
Ollana είναι η ονομσία του παιχνιδιού.
http://pslc.ws/macrog/exp/rubber/aepisode/tlachtli.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame
http://www.aztec-indians.com/aztec-games.html
..
Παιζόταν σε όλη την Προ-Κολομβιανή Μέση Αμερική.
Το πρώτο γήπεδο χρονολογείται από την εποχή των Ολμέκων,
πολιτισμός Λα Βέντα,800-400 π.Χ.,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Venta
και πιθανόν να είναι επινόηση των Ολμέκων,
πιθανότερα όμως είναι παλαιότερη επινόηση.
Από τους Ολμέκους το παιχνίδι διαδόθηκε στους μεταγενέστερους πολιτισμούς,
όπως σ'αυτόν του Μόντε Αλμπάνο και Ελ Ταχίν,και ακόμη στους Μάγια,με την ονομασία "Πόκ-τα-ποκ"http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A830431
,επίσης στους Τολτέκους,στους Μιστέκους και τους Αζτέκους.
..
Το παιχνίδι αυτό δεν ήταν απλώς ένα αθλητικό αγώνισμα.
Αναπαριστούσε τις μεγάλες μάχες,όπως αυτή της Νύχτας και της Ημέρας ή ακόμη μεγαλύτερες όπως του καλού και του κακού : http://www.monte-alban.com/ballgame.htm
Το γήπεδο αποτελούσε ένα κοσμολογικό διάγραμμα σε σχήμα κεφαλαίου Η με διαχωριστικές γραμμές στην κορυφή και στον πόδα του γράμματος.
Ήταν προσανατολισμένο είτε Β-Ν είτε Α-Δ,συμβολίζοντας τα ουράνια.
..
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XneTstDbcC0C&lpg=PA53&ots=na8x206XoO&dq=ollama%20ball%20game&hl=el&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q=ollama%20ball%20game&f=false
..
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=D5-C2w8n5NwC&lpg=PA59&ots=6GeV0QHHMD&dq=ollama%20ball%20game&hl=el&pg=PA59#v=onepage&q=ollama%20ball%20game&f=false
..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popol_Vuh
http://www.meta-religion.com/World_Religions/Ancient_religions/Central_america/popol_vuh.htm
..
Tlachtli είναι η ονομασία του γηπέδου στη γλώσσα Ναχουάτλ.
Ollana είναι η ονομσία του παιχνιδιού.
http://pslc.ws/macrog/exp/rubber/aepisode/tlachtli.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame
http://www.aztec-indians.com/aztec-games.html
..
Παιζόταν σε όλη την Προ-Κολομβιανή Μέση Αμερική.
Το πρώτο γήπεδο χρονολογείται από την εποχή των Ολμέκων,
πολιτισμός Λα Βέντα,800-400 π.Χ.,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Venta
και πιθανόν να είναι επινόηση των Ολμέκων,
πιθανότερα όμως είναι παλαιότερη επινόηση.
Από τους Ολμέκους το παιχνίδι διαδόθηκε στους μεταγενέστερους πολιτισμούς,
όπως σ'αυτόν του Μόντε Αλμπάνο και Ελ Ταχίν,και ακόμη στους Μάγια,με την ονομασία "Πόκ-τα-ποκ"http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A830431
,επίσης στους Τολτέκους,στους Μιστέκους και τους Αζτέκους.
..
Το παιχνίδι αυτό δεν ήταν απλώς ένα αθλητικό αγώνισμα.
Αναπαριστούσε τις μεγάλες μάχες,όπως αυτή της Νύχτας και της Ημέρας ή ακόμη μεγαλύτερες όπως του καλού και του κακού : http://www.monte-alban.com/ballgame.htm
Το γήπεδο αποτελούσε ένα κοσμολογικό διάγραμμα σε σχήμα κεφαλαίου Η με διαχωριστικές γραμμές στην κορυφή και στον πόδα του γράμματος.
Ήταν προσανατολισμένο είτε Β-Ν είτε Α-Δ,συμβολίζοντας τα ουράνια.
..
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XneTstDbcC0C&lpg=PA53&ots=na8x206XoO&dq=ollama%20ball%20game&hl=el&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q=ollama%20ball%20game&f=false
..
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=D5-C2w8n5NwC&lpg=PA59&ots=6GeV0QHHMD&dq=ollama%20ball%20game&hl=el&pg=PA59#v=onepage&q=ollama%20ball%20game&f=false
..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popol_Vuh
http://www.meta-religion.com/World_Religions/Ancient_religions/Central_america/popol_vuh.htm
..
Kumarbi - Kingship in Heaven - Δημιουργία των Hurrian - Τιτανομαχία
..
Η ανάγνωση των χεττιτικών-χουρριτικών κειμένων έφερε στο φώς το ΕΠΟΣ ΤΟΥ KUMARBI που παρουσιάζει σαφείς ομοιότητες με τους μύθους των Τιτάνων,των Ολυμπίων και της μεταξύ τους διαμάχης.
Το γεγονός αυτό προδίδει την κοινή στην ΙΝΔΟ-ΕΥΡΩΠΑ'Ι'ΚΗ ΜΥΘΟΛΟΓΙΑ παράδοση της πάλης των δυνάμεων της φύσης - τους προπάτορες του ανθρώπινου γένους - με τους εκπροσώπους της ηθικής τάξης,
στην οποία παράδοση ανήκουν :
η Τιτανομαχία,και
ο διαμελισμός και καταβρόχθιση του Ζαγρέως από τους Τιτάνες.
..
Kumarbi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sitchin/guerradioses/guerradioses05a.htm
http://sophrosune.blogspot.com/2008/05/kumarbi-epic-and-hesiods-theogony.html
http://www.jstor.org/pss/500560
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=h56ansk4SyQC&pg=PA211&lpg=PA211&dq=kumarbi&source=bl&ots=60ZxD2VAW9&sig=MqrVpvp-Da4IJZS4LRmIgoZfrMI&hl=el&ei=6BOlSvW3MOSMjAedj7SJCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#v=onepage&q=kumarbi&f=false
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TQyRX6WmMUMC&lpg=PA93&ots=eaDhZRilfG&dq=kumarbi&hl=el&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q=kumarbi&f=false
..
Για την χουαρριτική μυθολογία :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hurrian_mythology
..
Η ανάγνωση των χεττιτικών-χουρριτικών κειμένων έφερε στο φώς το ΕΠΟΣ ΤΟΥ KUMARBI που παρουσιάζει σαφείς ομοιότητες με τους μύθους των Τιτάνων,των Ολυμπίων και της μεταξύ τους διαμάχης.
Το γεγονός αυτό προδίδει την κοινή στην ΙΝΔΟ-ΕΥΡΩΠΑ'Ι'ΚΗ ΜΥΘΟΛΟΓΙΑ παράδοση της πάλης των δυνάμεων της φύσης - τους προπάτορες του ανθρώπινου γένους - με τους εκπροσώπους της ηθικής τάξης,
στην οποία παράδοση ανήκουν :
η Τιτανομαχία,και
ο διαμελισμός και καταβρόχθιση του Ζαγρέως από τους Τιτάνες.
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Kumarbi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sitchin/guerradioses/guerradioses05a.htm
http://sophrosune.blogspot.com/2008/05/kumarbi-epic-and-hesiods-theogony.html
http://www.jstor.org/pss/500560
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=h56ansk4SyQC&pg=PA211&lpg=PA211&dq=kumarbi&source=bl&ots=60ZxD2VAW9&sig=MqrVpvp-Da4IJZS4LRmIgoZfrMI&hl=el&ei=6BOlSvW3MOSMjAedj7SJCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#v=onepage&q=kumarbi&f=false
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TQyRX6WmMUMC&lpg=PA93&ots=eaDhZRilfG&dq=kumarbi&hl=el&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q=kumarbi&f=false
..
Για την χουαρριτική μυθολογία :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hurrian_mythology
..
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